Gynecology Update Articles

The physiological and immunological changes in pregnancy makes the pregnant women more susceptible to respiratory viral infections, including COVID-19, than non-preg..

The present study assessed the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of uterine balloon tamponade in managing postpartum hemorrhage.It searched electronic databases an..

Breastfeeding renders undeniable advantages; however, painful, sore nipples upset the mothers and may lead to stopping nursing before the commended time. Hence ..

A report describes a case of a 32-year-old White female who presented with a history of hormonal imbalance, including stage IV endometriosis, fibroids, infertility, ..

Atonic Postpartum Hemorrhage arises when the uterine muscles don't contract enough to close the placental blood vessels shut after childbirth, which can lead to life..

There is a lack of consensus regarding whether to prescribe prophylactic antibiotics in conjunction with manual placenta removal. The present study investigated the ..

Multiple studies have shown an association between breastfeeding and a reduced risk of epithelial ovarian Cancer. However, it remains unclear whether this risk reduc..

A report describes a case of a 17-year-old Taiwanese female who presented to the gynecology clinic with complaints of primary amenorrhea and the absence of secondary..

The risk of spontaneous preterm labor is increased 4-folds in pregnant women diagnosed with cervical polyp in in the first trimester of pregnancy and which are not r..

Vitamin D supplementation is widely prescribed for many lifestyles related and metabolic disorders. The present study assessed the status of Vitamin D concerning met..

Pelvic pain (PP) is a common complaint among pregnant women, which may arise due to several diseases, including obstetrics, gynecological, gastrointestinal, genitour..

Introduction Today in the world of investigations we have nearly forgotten the clinical diagnosis and presentation of some diseases and sometimes go for unneces..

Recommending maternal supplementation during lactation is usually unnecessary unless the mother's diet is inadequate. Continuing prenatal vitamins postpartum is gene..

Depression during pregnancy could affect the mother's health and breastfeeding efficacy. The present study determined the effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy(CBT..

A recent study tested the hypothesis that combined wake + light therapy improves mood in pregnant vs. postpartum depressed participants (DP) by differentially alteri..

A report describes a case of a 35-year-old woman, gravida 2 para 1, who had undergone bilateral Uterine artery embolization (UAE) with a gelatin sponge for postpartu..

A deeper understanding of risk factors for postpartum depression (PPD) is crucial for its prevention and screening. Hutchens BF and Kearney J. summarized and synthes..

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), an endocrinological disorder, is common among women of childbearing age. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an acute respirator..

Magnesium and melatonin exert multiple beneficial effects like anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. The present study determined the effects of magnesium and/o..

A report describes a case of a 32-year-old female, gravida 4 para 3, who presented at 39 weeks and four days for induction of labor. She reported three previous norm..

Pregnancy-associated skin diseases or changes can be described as physiological (hormonal), pre-existing skin disease, and the development of dermatoses with a new p..

Atopic dermatitis (AD), an inflammatory skin disease of multiple phenotypes and endotypes, is highly prevalent in children. people of all ages, including active adol..

Striae distensae, aka stretch marks, are particularly associated with female sex, pregnancy, obesity, and/or hormonal change and are linear bands of benign dermal le..

A recent report describes a case of an 18-year-old nulligravida who initially presented with a complaint of 2 years of infertility and a known uterine septum. She re..

Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) may cause offspring allergic disorders. However, associations observed in previous stu..

Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from 2020, state that the average age of pregnant women in the United States is still rising. Observat..

The association of breastfeeding (BF) with postpartum depression (PPD) remains controversial.Currently, there is a lack of specific guidelines on the role of BF in m..

A report describes a case of a 36-year-old G6P5005 with no prenatal care and a spontaneous twin pregnancy of unknown chorionicity who presented with altered mental s..

A healthy microbiome is crucial in preventing illness and maintaining overall health, including reproductive health. Although the therapeutic advantages of probiotic..

The present study describes the pregnancy outcomes of patients who experienced pre-viable and peri-viable pre-labor rupture of membranes (PROM) after treating twin–t..

A rise in the number of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) among pregnant women is recorded annually. Yet, the pathogenesis of AD during pregnancy remains unclear...

A report describes a case of a 19-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, admitted at 37 weeks of gestation with breech presentation. She suffered pregnancy complications..

The postpartum period also carries the time risk for the emergence of maternal postpartum depression. However, little is known about the overall maternal outcomes of..

Gestational weight gain (GWG), a modifiable risk factor, is associated with adverse birth outcomes. Studies have shown that providing multiple micronutrient suppleme..

The present study observed the effects of massage in supporting a mother in her pregnancy after a previous stillbirth. The client’s goal varied throughout her pregna..

A report describes a case of a 29-year-old woman who presented from an outside facility with vaginal bleeding and discharge; but without any abdominal pain or discom..

Pregnancy-associated osteoporosis (PAO) is a rare condition featuring skeletal fragility affecting women during pregnancy or postpartum. Normal pregnancy and lactati..

Evidence illustrates maternal intake, absorption, distribution, tissue-specific concentrations, and pregnancy outcomes with folic acid (fortification/supplementation..

The present study critically appraised and synthesized the best available evidence on the effectiveness of massage in reducing antenatal women's anxiety and/ or depr..

A report describes a case of a 46-year-old gravida 3, para 3-0-0-3 woman who presented with the inability to void completely for the last two days. She was anuric at..

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) remains the top cause of maternal death globally. Multiple uterotonic medications are available to prevent PPH; however, it is still unkn..

A recent study investigated the effect of sacral massage on the presence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid and the duration of fetal descent during labor in pregnan..

A recent study proved the potentialities of an integrated and sensorized childbirth platform as an innovative simulator for inexperienced gynecologists and obstetric..

A report describes a case of a 35-year-old patient who presented with persistent bleeding for over five weeks. She described a long history of dysmenorrhea and heavy..

Vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy improves neonatal calcium metabolism and weight gain. It is given as 400 international units (IU) per day and increased to 100..

A recent study compared the success rates and safety of two doses of methotrexate versus a single dose of methotrexate in ectopic tubal pregnancy.It included 100 wom..

There has been an association between the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-producing lactobacilli in the vagina and decreased rates of preterm birth & HIV acquis..

A report describes a case of a 43-year-old pregnant woman with a history of spontaneous vaginal delivery at term with no complications who presented at 33 weeks of g..

Pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with early breast cancer links with better survival. In the meantime, post-neoa..

A recent study elucidated the effects of neuraxial analgesia on labor in women classified based on the Robson classification system. It retrospectively reviewed the ..

A recent study compared conventional PAP smears (CPS) and liquid-based cytology (LBC) for cervical carcinoma screening at a tertiary care hospital. It included 265 w..

A report describes a case of a 30-year-old Japanese primigravida who conceived spontaneously and started pregnancy checkups in China. She presented with 28 gestation..

Initial trials of the COVID-19 vaccines excluded pregnant persons, which later caused their emergency use authorizations in the United States. Gray et al. demonstrat..

Patients who unintentionally became pregnant while taking a teratogenic drug could choose to have an abortion before late June. However, on October 7, 13 states bann..

It is crucial to prevent prenatal exposure to teratogenic drugs. With the US Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act in 2007, the US Food and Drug Administration..

A report describes a case of a 35-year-old gravida 5, para 2 (1122), who presented to the emergency room because of fainting and abdominal pain. She had a gestation ..

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a serious and the most common birth defect; it affects 6-8% of all live births. Newborns with major CHD require a surgical procedur..

A new study published in Obstetrics and Gynecology evaluated fixed-dose versus weight-based enoxaparin dosing in optimizing the anti-Xa leve..

The goal of a study was to test the hypothesis that increased maternal body mass index (BMI) is associated with longer operative and anesthesia times, greater matern..

A 37-year-old pregnant woman complained of severe pain in the abdomen. She fainted shortly after the presentation in the gynecological department and was immediately..

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a frequent metabolic complication of pregnancy. Its incidence is increasing worldwide, with 5–25% of pregnancies diagnosed wit..

Urge urinary incontinence (UUI) is the involuntary leakage of urine featuring urgency, frequency, and nocturia. Its current management strategies include behavioral ..

The present study assessed the prevalence of anemia in term and preterm pregnancies and compared maternal and perinatal outcomes among groups.This study compared the..

A report describes a case of a 28-year-old woman with pregestational type I diabetes, well controlled with a mix of insulin aspart and insulin NPH, at 21 weeks gesta..

A recent study on frozen donor egg in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles published in a 2022 issue of Reproductive Sciences describes the use of quality fresh versus f..

A recent retrospective analytical study evaluated the risk factors and feto-maternal outcomes in mothers with Gestational diabetes mellitus. It included Antenatal pa..

A recent retrospective study investigated the recurrence of preterm birth (PTB) among the poorest half of the Brazilian population.It utilized the data about the liv..

A report describes a case of a 35-year-old woman, para 3, who presented with acute menorrhagia. She described a history of three prior cesarean sections, with the la..

A recent analysis published in Obstetrics & Gynecology considers screening for hepatitis B antibodies and vaccinating pregnant women without immunity to be a cost-ef..

Spontaneous membranes rupture after 37 wks of the gestations and before the onset of the regular painful uterine contractions is known as the Premature rupture of th..

In the year 2012, U.S. health care providers delivered >259 million opioid prescriptions (twice as many as in 1998). Nearly one in every ten women report using opioi..

A report describes a case of a 24-year-old unbooked primigravida who was 40 weeks post-date and had a spontaneous conception. She presented symptoms and signs of sev..

Laser technologies are rapidly emerging as a treatment option for numerous vaginal conditions, including vaginal atrophy, dryness, dyspareunia, pelvic pain, urinary ..

After all those tough ships through the history-making pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is time to consider the historical lessons about the vacci..

We still lack knowledge about the impact of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection on female fertility since the level of evidence associating these factors ..

A report describes a case of a 46-year-old gravida 0 woman who came for a hydrosalpinx that she incidentally found a month ago. She was asymptomatic, without any com..

Groenen CJM et al. recently assessed the usefulness of a personal health record (PHR) in routine maternity care to improve the active participation of pregnant women..

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare but serious infection complicating pregnancy. However, its management and outcomes in this population remain unclear.A recent s..

A recent study compared pregnancy, miscarriage, and live birth rates and cycle monitoring parameters between Natural Cycle (NC-FET) and Hormone replacement cycle (HR..

A report describes a case of a 21-year-old female with a family history of breast cancer who sought treatment after being diagnosed with stage IC well-differentiated..

Women have distinct nutritional needs throughout their life. During pregnancy and breastfeeding, energy and nutrient needs increase. But in many parts of the world, ..

Leptin is produced by the white adipose tissue and the placenta during pregnancy. The pathophysiology of several disorders of reproduction and gestation, including p..

Discrimination between precocious puberty (PP) and premature thelarche (PT) is difficult. Hormonal testing (i.e., the GnRH stimulation test) is considered the gold s..

IntroductionThe outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has received much attention due to its multi-systemic effects, including COVID-19-related neurologic ..

Women experience fluctuation in hormone levels during perimenopause, menopause, and postmenopause. If the hormonal levels are maintained low for a more extended peri..

A recent study aimed to design a standardized sonographic evaluation and reporting system for Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) in the first trimester, for use by both g..

Simulation is beneficial and effective in the intimate educational setting of transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS). Further, dyad learning (learning in pairs) has shown to..

A report describes a case of a 14-year-old girl who presented with primary amenorrhea and lower abdominal pain with a cyclical increase in severity for three months,..

Uterine adenomyosis is a commonly encountered estrogen-dependent disease in reproductive-age women, causing heavy menstrual bleeding, intense pelvic pain, and infert..

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disorder defined by the presence of endometrium-like tissue in any extrauterine site, even those distant to the uterus, includ..

Perineal tear is a tissue lesion that occurs during vaginal delivery and is classified into four degrees: First-degree affects only the vaginal mucosa or perineal sk..

Abdominal pregnancy has historically been defined as implantation in the peritoneal cavity, exclusive of tubal, ovarian, or intraligamentary pregnancy. Abdominal pre..

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is an important public health intervention for child health and survival. WHO recommends EBF for the first 6 months of life to achieve ..

Uterine leiomyomas are common, nonmalignant, gonadal steroid-dependent, monoclonal neoplasms. They are reported in about 70–80% of premenopausal women. Although many..

Maternal sleep-disordered breathing and sleep disruption possess adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes via numerous potential pathophysiologic pathways. A recent stu..

A report describes a case of a 25-year-old patient, Gravida 2, Para 1 with one living issue, with 2 months amenorrhea, who presented with bleeding per vaginum for 5 ..

Spontaneous preterm birth causes a major burden of childhood morbidity and mortality. The incomplete understanding of the molecular pathways that result in spontaneo..

Health practitioners caring for pregnant women and neonates frequently encounter placental histopathological reports with esoteric diagnostic entities of contentious..

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) emerge as the commonest medical complication and metabolic disorder of pregnancy, showing a global prevalence of between 2% and 6..

A report describes a case of an 18-year-old primiparous with an estimated gestational age (EGA) of 35 weeks and 6 days who presented in preterm labour. She reported ..

Nearly 0.7%-3.34% of women experience multiple pregnancies globally. This variation is mainly due to increased use of assisted reproductive techniques, maternal age ..

The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol after a Cesarean section (CC) recommends fast mobilization of a patient along with providing psychological comfor..

The major burden of maternal mortality and morbidity is caused by immediate postpartum hemorrhage (IPPH), especially in developing countries. These limited resources..

A report describes a case of a 22-year-old primiparous female with a past medical history significant for repaired Tetralogy of Fallot, asthma, bronchiectasis, and p..

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is one of the most commonly used preparations in regenerative medicine. Regenerative medicine combines elements of molecular biology and t..

Preservation of female fertility is a fairly new domain in medicine that has grown very rapidly in recent years. Initially, embryo freezing stayed the most effective..

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is reported in about 5% of deliveries. Its First-line treatment involves pharmacological measures, intrauterine tamponade, uterine artery..

A report describes a case of a 35-year-old woman (gravida 2, para 1) who presented with placenta previa at gestational week 31. She had an unremarkable medical histo..

Endometriosis – characterized by the presence of extra-uterine endometrial-like tissue, is common among women of reproductive age. Its prevalence is 10% and various ..

HELLP syndrome – a severe pregnancy complication associated with hypertension, is characterized by hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets. The conditio..

Spontaneous hemoperitoneum in pregnancy (SHiP), although rare, is strongly associated with maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Pregnant women with endometrio..

A 37-year-old woman was detected with a painful lower abdominal nodular mass. The lady had a history of an emergency cesarean section, 18 months ago, for preterm pre..

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive diagnostics technique facilitates high resolution imaging of biotissues at depths up to 2 mm and offers utility ..

Prenatal screening has become standard of care with the advancements in maternal serum analysis and fetal imaging. These aid in early detection of fetal abnormalitie..

A recent study published in Midwifery investigated whether trait mindfulness during pregnancy may have a beneficial effect on breastfeeding intention.This was a pros..

A 26-year-old female was diagnosed with a with stage IC well-differentiated mucinous ovarian cancer. The lady had a family history of breast cancer. The prior diagno..

Breastfeeding is a key maternal activity, and the quality of this experience makes a substantial contribution to biological, social-emotional, and cognitive well-bei..

Urinary incontinence refers to loss of bladder control, varying from slight loss of urine after sneezing, coughing or laughing, to complete inability to control urin..

ABSTRACTPelvic exenteration is an ultra-radical surgical procedure that requires an en-bloc removal of some or all pelvic structures. The major indication for pelvic..

Background - A tubo-ovarian abscess is a complex infectious mass of the adnexa manifested with multiple clinical conditions such as fever, elevated WBC count, lower ..

Insufficiency of endogenous progesterone occurs in Luteal Phase Defect (LPD) which makes it difficult to maintain a functional secretory endometrium. Further, it als..

The incidence of multifetal gestations is increasing dramatically over the past several decades, which may be due to 1) a shift toward an older maternal age at conce..

Initial embryo transfer if followed by Embryo selection with preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) may see pregnancy outcomes. However, how much PGT..

A report describes the case of a 32-year-old, gravida 3 para 2, pregnant woman. She had a history of hospitalization at 11 weeks of gestation due to back pain and fe..

Advantages of minimally invasive surgery are – shorter length of hospital stay, faster recovery, lower incidence of surgical site infections, less postoperative pain..

False negative test results pose serious concerns in a prenatal setting as it can cause the birth of an affected child. A study published in Diagnostics discusses ba..

Placental insufficiency can lead to impaired fetal growth and can impose adverse perinatal outcomes. Interventions to alter these pathophysiologic outcomes are lacki..

A 36-year-old lady, gravida 5, para 2 complained of a severe upper abdominal pain over the past day. The patient also reported acute diarrhea.She had endured two mis..

Fertility preservation can sometimes be challenging if the patients have a life-threatening disease or a problematic clinical predicament. One such example is the pa..

The Majority of the women suffering from any form of gestational trophoblastic disease can be successfully diagnosed and treated with preservation of their reproduct..

Trial of labour after cesarean (TOLAC) is a safe resort to repeat cesarean delivery in Pregnant people who have had a previous cesarean delivery or an elective cesar..

A report describes a case of a 14-year-old girl with ovarian mucinous adenocarcinoma who complained of lower abdominal pain for around 3 weeks and presented with a d..

Adverse events (AEs) come hand to hand in nearly every medical care. Obstetrics is unique as it encompasses a much heightened expectation concerning safety and inclu..

The advancements in genomic sequencing and the regular emergence of new information forbid taking a simplistic approach to fibroids. Fibroids affect nearly 80% of Bl..

SlowflowHD, a recent ultrasound Doppler imaging technology, permits evaluating flow even in tiny blood vessels. a proprietary algorithm separates low-speed flow from..

A report describes a case of a 36-year-old female, G2P0A1, who presented with transvaginal bleeding with clots and abdominal pain, located in the hypogastric region...

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is described as the failure of the fetus to fulfil its growth potential because of a pathological factor-like placental dysfunction. I..

Caffeine is an addictive substance which is consumed on a regular basis by many pregnant women. Thus women must be advised founded on the available evidence regardin..

A Randomized Trial of Induction Versus Expectant Management (ARRIVE) trial has shown a reduction in adverse perinatal outcomes among low-risk nulliparous women at 39..

A case report describes a 24-year-old patient with a medical history of one early pregnancy miscarriage not requiring surgical intervention, bronchial asthma, animal..

Trainee and residency program performances can be evaluated by employing multiple tools including Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) standa..

Joint efforts of The European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO), the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG), the Internatio..

Adenomyosis is characterized by the existence of endometrial epithelial and stromal cells within the myometrium. It is an enigmatic gynecological disorder and a hete..

Uterine leiomyomas affect nearly 30% of women more than 35 years of age. However, vulvar leiomyomas are rare and often misdiagnosed as Bartholin cyst preoperatively...

A recent study, collected the evidence, formulated the recommendations and discussed it within specialist subgroups which were then presented to the core guideline d..

Inflammation within the genital organs in women remains a crucial issue in gynecology and venereology. Understanding the factors contributing to the inflammatory pro..

Heart disease in pregnancy remains one of the prime causes of maternal mortality and morbidity in developing countries. However, the features of the disease differ b..

A report describes a case of a 52-year-old nulligravida woman who complained of intermittent vaginal spotting for 1 month, 2 years after menopause. She denied a hist..

During the pandemic, everyone was affected in one or the other way. The hospitals were overwhelmed with patients with Covid 19 while doctors were utilizing their nur..

The field of female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery (FPMRS) is a relatively new subspecialty in Obs/Gyn and urology. International Urogynecology Associati..

With the development of imaging methods, a fusion of MRI and Ultrasound data has grown in popularity, in particular in intestinal and prostate imaging. This techniqu..

Sigmoidal volvulus is a rare incidence ranging from 1 in 1500 to 1 in 66,431 deliveries. It is an intestinal obstruction in pregnancy associated with significant mat..

Microbiome is a term is used to signify the collective genomes of microorganisms in specific areas while microbiota refers to the community of microorganisms. The mi..

Interventional radiology is an invasive procedure requiring clinical knowledge, non-vascular and vascular technical interventional ability, as well as imaging skills..

This meta-analysis aims to review postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) as a pregnancy complication, post-uterine artery embolization (UAE), by exploring the interrelation bet..

A 32-year-old woman underwent an urgent cesarean delivery at 35 weeks of gestation due to antepartum bleeding caused by placenta previa. Post-delivery, hysterectomy ..

Truncus arteriosus communis (TAC) is a rare conotruncal birth defect of the heart. Truncus arteriosus occurs in less than one out of every 10,000 live births. There ..

Interventional radiology is infiltrating almost all specialities of clinical care including the fields of gynecology and obstetrics. Imaging skills, clinical knowled..

Genitourinary syndrome (GUS) is a common disease after menopause and occurs due to a sharp decline in estrogen levels. the North American Menopause Society describes..

AbstractMucormycosis is a severe fungal infection which is rare in clinical practice. This infection is usually acquired by inhalation; other portals of entry are in..

The arrival and the rapid diffusion of new viral infections at the end of 2019 astonished the scientists. Gynecological Endocrinology (2020), via its editorial, expl..

A prospective interventional study was conducted to evaluate the level of awareness about Antenatal and Postnatal care in rural women and the need of appropriate int..

A team of researchers led by Dr. Pensée Wu, senior lecturer at Keele University's School of Medicine, have discovered that women who conceive with assisted reproduct..

Pregnancy implantation within previous caesarean scar is one of the rarest locations for an ectopic pregnancy. Incidence of caesarean section is increasing worldwide..

Mental health conditions during delivery hospitalizations are not well described. A recent study characterized the prevalence of maternal mental health condition dia..

Limited data exist on the Recurrence of adnexal torsion (rAT). Normal and small appearing ovaries are found to have an increased risk for rAT. However, updated data ..

The term TORCH includes well-identified causes of perinatal infections i.e. toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV). A TORCH ser..

AbstractIn cases of atretic lower vagina drainage of hematocolpos per se is inadequate as recurrent hematocolpos from restenosis is common. Surgical reconstruction i..

A mother and her baby are inseparable. When there is a newborn, there is associated maternal care. A newborn always exists in a relationship with the mother. As awar..

Pain management following cesarean delivery usually involves the use of opioid medications. However, these drugs are associated with major side effects, such as naus..

Multifetal pregnancies are associated with a considerable increase in the risk of fetal and infant morbidity and mortality. The risk of stillbirth is increased about..

AbstractIntraperitoneal drains are usually inserted in abdominal surgery for the purpose of preventing fluid accumulation. However, the efficacy and safety of using ..

Abstract: Women on oral hormonal therapy for menorrhagia are at risk of cerebral venous thrombosis1 (CVT). This condition is characterized by intravascular clotting ..

Women with a previous cesarean delivery may opt for a subsequent vaginal birth or repeat cesarean. Vaginal birth after cesarean holds a more imminent risk of uterine..

The prevention and early diagnostics of precancerous stages hold a crucial position   in contemporary oncology. The mutational topography of cancer is induced throug..

Tremendous scientific and technological achievements have caused revolutionization in the current medical era, changing how physicians practice their profession and ..