AMH and PCOS: Unraveling the Hormonal Link in Infertile Women

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted hormonal disorder with diverse clinical manifestations. While anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is considered a useful marker in PCOS, its correlation with specific clinical, biochemical, and hormonal features—especially in infertile women—remains unclear. This study examines the relationship between AMH levels and various parameters in infertile women with PCOS, aiming to determine whether AMH is more closely linked to hyperandrogenism or oligoanovulation.

An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at Lady Hardinge Medical College and Hospital, Delhi, from November 2018 to March 2020. A total of 143 infertile women aged 20–35 years diagnosed with PCOS based on the revised Rotterdam criteria were enrolled. Blood samples were collected after a brief history and clinical examination to measure AMH and other biochemical and hormonal parameters: transvaginal ultrasound assessed ovarian volume, antral follicle count, and endometrial thickness.

The key findings included:

 A weak yet statistically significant positive correlation was observed between AMH levels and cycle length (r = 0.17, p = 0.047).

 Conversely, AMH levels showed a statistically significant weak negative correlation with sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) (p = 0.007).

 Serum AMH levels were positively associated with oligoanovulation, indicating a link with irregular or infrequent ovulation.

 AMH levels were negatively associated with SHBG, which is typically low in women with hyperandrogenism.

Thus, the study suggests an indirect positive correlation between AMH and hyperandrogenism in women with PCOS, as SHBG levels are typically low in hyperandrogenic states.

(Source: J Obstet Gynecol India 75, 129–132 (2025) https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-025-02113-9)

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