Risk factors for vulvovaginal candidiasis in various age groups

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common opportunistic infection in women, primarily caused by Candida albicans. 

A recent study aimed to identify the risk factors for developing VVC in women of various age groups. 

This six-month prospective study was conducted over six months, involving pregnant women, post-menopausal women, and women of reproductive age. Data was collected, and descriptive statistics were used to calculate the percentage of various parameters. 

The study included 90 participants aged 18-65 years. The results showed that VVC was more prevalent among females belonging to the reproductive age group (18-35 years) – 40%. Among the 90 patients, those who did not exercise regularly, the VVC prevalence was 86.7%, and among those with a BMI range of 25-29.9 – classified as overweight, the prevalence was 54.4%. Obese women and those with past medical and medication history, including diabetes mellitus, showed a 27.7% propensity to VVC, and women with antibiotic usage had a 23.3% risk––these factors were major risks for acquiring VVC. 

Moreover, the main risk factors for VVC were comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, urinary tract infections, obesity, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). While previous antibiotic usage, steroid consumption, and lack of regular exercise were contributing factors to VVC development.

The findings highlighted the possible risk factors for VVC. The infection was more prevalent among women in the reproductive age group due to hormonal influences, sexual behavior, personal hygiene, and other variables. Sexual practices and personal hygiene imposed a significant impact on vaginal infections. Obesity, lack of regular exercise, previous antibiotic usage, and medical history such as diabetes mellitus were the significant factors contributing to VVC.

Source: Irene V. R, Sajeeth C. I, Karthikeyan V, et al. Biosci Biotech Res Asia. 2023;20(1).