Pediatrics Update Articles

A recent quality improvement initiative aimed to establish neonatal pain management practices as a crucial developmental supportive measure at a Neonatal Intensive C..

The goal of the study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the inferior vena cava (IVC) distensibility index (∆IVC) and respiratory variation in peak a..

A new study investigated the association between screen time exposure in children aged one year and developmental delays across five domains (communication, gross ..

The first case: A preterm female with a delayed umbilical cord detachment underwent abdominal ultrasonography that displayed a 24 mm hypoechoic tract extending fro..

Children with septic shock often exhibit fluid deficit, reduced vascular tone, and myocardial dysfunction, necessitating fluid resuscitation and vasoactive agents...

A new study aimed to investigate the connection between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and severe infections in children – considering the potential impact on mic..

A new prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association between fetal growth restriction (FGR) and metabolic bone disease (MBD) in preterm neonates. Th..

A two-year-old boy experienced sudden-onset hair loss at one year of age. The patient had been previously diagnosed with Down syndrome (DS). His initial patchy sca..

A new article discussed various therapeutic iron preparations available in the market with differing pharmacokinetic and safety profiles. Despite a lack of conclus..

Updates for 2023–2024 Influenza Season and The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Recommendations:Composition of Influenza Vaccines has been updated:A new influenz..

A recent study examined the clinical presentation and management of acute pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in healthy infants below 6 months old. The study enta..

A 3-month-old male infant, born to healthy consanguineous parents, presented with a 20-day history of bilious and forceful vomiting, substantial weight loss, and l..

The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children under five years has nearly doubled in urban areas of India. Approximately 4.2% of urban Indian children were..

A new study assessed the impact of a bundled parenting and nutrition intervention on non-targeted siblings (children) within households. This intervention was con..

A recent study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of a rapid antibody detection test using IgM immunochromatography for scrub typhus in children. In this..

A 9-month-old girl, born to non-consanguineous parents, experienced developmental delays and loss of previously achieved milestones from 7 months of age. At 6..

A recent study aimed to compare the quality of life (QoL) of adolescent siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD-Sibs) to those of siblings of typical..

This study examined the use of midline catheters in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and compared their performance to peripherally inserted central catheters ..

The goal of a prospective observational study was to assess pain and physiological stress in very preterm neonates undergoing minimally invasive surfactant therapy (..

Organophosphates are chemical compounds that can lead to the accumulation of acetylcholine, resulting in muscarinic symptoms like salivation and nicotinic symptoms, ..

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in young children can be challenging to diagnose accurately. Conventionally, urine culture has been the go-to method, but it primaril..

Serotonin receptors 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D in the cerebral arteries are activated by the 5-hydroxytryptophan agonists (triptans) to relieve the discomfort associated wi..

The optimal route of tube feeding in preterm babies has yet to be discovered. A recent study compared the frequency of bradycardia and desaturation episodes/hours ..

A 16-year-old male patient arrived at the emergency department with a ten-day history of persistent nausea, vomiting, and headaches. His symptoms included constant..

While lipid profiles are extensively studied in adults as cardiovascular markers, there is a lack of similar research focusing on pediatric populations, especially..

A recent study aimed to evaluate the effects of gastric lavage on exclusive breastfeeding and skin-to-skin contact in neonates delivered through meconium-stained a..

A new study assessed the impact of an early childhood development (ECD) intervention called Sit Down and Play (SDP) on parent and child outcomes during routine hea..

The parents of a six-month-old male infant complained that the child had developed a fever over the last three days after an episode of paleness, which persisted ..

A recent study aimed to compare the pain response in neonates undergoing a heel prick procedure using three different devices – an automatic lancet, a manual lancet,..

The goal of a new study was to investigate the effects of fortified human milk on the growth and development of extremely preterm infants born at 28 weeks of gestati..

The Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is a marker of subclinical inflammation calculated from the white blood cell count. It has been shown to be valuable in diag..

A 9-month-old was brought with distinct, red, blistering skin patches on both cheeks and chin, which had developed over two days. The child did not have a fever, oth..

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) – a severe hyperinflammatory condition that can occur after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SA..

Pain is a common symptom in patients admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) – due to injury or illness. A new crossover randomized controlled trial asses..

Asthma – a common chronic disease in children, is characterized by type 2 airway inflammation. The emergence of biomarkers associated with the underlying airway infl..

Allgrove syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder, with fewer than 100 reported cases. It is characterized by three primary features – achalasia, alacrimia, ..

In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), over 250 million children under the age of 5 do not reach their developmental potential and may have impaired speech, la..

Enterohepatic bilirubin circulation helps determine neonatal jaundice. The present study evaluated the role of oral zinc in reducing serum bilirubin in term neonates..

The present investigated whether extended exposure to both high-nephrotoxicity antimicrobials and lower-risk antimicrobials simultaneously during the neonatal intens..

A report describes a case of a 6-y-old girl who presented with high fever, headache, ataxia, and behavioral disorders. She had a history of being bitten by a stray d..

Eating disorders are severe and potentially life-threatening conditions that affect children and adolescents, impacting their physical health and their families. The..

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the most prevalent (9.5%) endocrine disorder affecting children. Although trace elements (TE) have been implicated in DM developme..

A new study evaluated treatment approaches for pediatric patients who face the complex condition of having both congenital heart diseases (CHD) and airway anomalies...

A 2-week-old male infant visited for a follow-up appointment regarding dry and cracked skin – that his parents had observed since his birth. The neonate had no medic..

Childhood undernutrition is a significant problem in developing countries, including India, and is a major contributor to child mortality worldwide. Although global ..

The recent study aimed to compare the effectiveness of a transillumination device versus traditional vein viewing in pediatric patients facing difficult peripheral v..

A new study aimed to compare the effectiveness of gabapentin as an additional treatment to trihexyphenidyl in children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy (CP). In t..

A 9-year-old boy was admitted to the pediatric ward due to an acute swelling in the left popliteal fossa. The swelling was first observed about 2 weeks back and had ..

Early childhood malnutrition severely affects the infant’s health, development, and productivity. Over the past two decades, research conducted worldwide and in In..

A recent study aimed to assess asthma control in children in the age-range 5-18 years. The study compared the Asthma Control Test (ACT)/Childhood Asthma Control Te..

A study assessed and compared the average Likert scores (representing caregiver assessments of change) and CAPUTE scores in children with Infantile Tremor Syndrome (..

A previously healthy 14-month-old girl child visited a local clinic in the winter of 2018 with a 2-day history of high-grade fever and cough on the second day of ill..

A recent study aimed to investigate the specific respiratory viruses prevalent in childcare settings as they pose a common risk for acute respiratory illness (ARI) i..

Allergic rhinitis is a persistent and challenging condition influenced by various factors. Evidence indicates a potential link between cesarean section (C-section) d..

National guidelines recommend intensive behavioral interventions for childhood overweight and obesity, typically provided in specialized clinics. However, there exis..

Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the colonic nerve plexuses, leading to colonic spasticity and obstruction. It can be..

Learning is a continuous journey that persists lifelong. Learning takes root in early childhood and is the basis for educational advancement. In contemporary times, ..

The goal of a new study was to ascertain the occurrence and nature of auditory function disorders in individuals with Down syndrome while also identifying factors in..

Recent evidence suggests that antibiotic use, particularly aminopenicillins – like amoxicillin, could heighten the likelihood of rash in children with infectious mon..

Tinea versicolor (TV) – a fungal infection, mainly affects adolescents and adults with skin hypo- or hyperpigmentation. This disease is unusual in infants. This case..

Childhood obesity is recognized as a significant contributor to various long-term health issues, although its impact on kidney function in later life remains largely..

Sepsis significantly contributes to the pediatric population's morbidity, mortality, and global healthcare burden. Fatality rates among pediatric sepsis patients var..

In the earlier studies, the usual span of side-alternating vibration therapy (sVT) was 9 minutes.A new feasibility study evaluated the safety, acceptability, and pot..

A 14-month-old toddler presented with weakness, fever, restlessness, and reduced appetite. His symptoms had appeared along with a skin rash, 2 weeks after a measles-..

Sedentary habits and increased screen time may have adverse metabolic effects. A new study was based on the hypothesis that childhood television viewing time is asso..

Following the COVID-19 outbreak, public awareness of infection prevention and control has heightened. The goal of a new study was to observe changes in childhood res..

Prone cross-table lateral X-rays (CTLxR) and colostograms play a role in planning surgeries for anorectal malformations (ARMs) without perineal fistulas. A new ..

Prune Belly syndrome, also called Eagle-Barret syndrome, is a rare disorder with a prevalence of 3.8 live births per 100,000 births. Its primary characteristic invol..

The year 2015 marked a significant milestone in the global fight against HIV/AIDS, as CD4-based clinical staging criteria for antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation..

The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-up (M-CHAT-R/F), is globally employed for screening autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present st..

The present study determined the frequency of urinary system anomaly in children aged 0–18 years suffering from first urinary tract infection (UTI) and identified th..

A report describes a case of a 10-day-old, term-born male neonate who presented with ascites, hyperkalemia, and acute kidney injury. USG demonstrated bilateral hydro..

In adolescence, the sleep duration reduces by approximately 10 minutes each year. This change occurs due to a delay in the circadian rhythm and alterations in the re..

The optimal duration of antibiotic treatment for children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) has not been clearly defined yet. A recent study compared the effec..

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) in children is a febrile condition that shows symptoms like other locally prevalent illnesses. The goal of the study was to..

Neonatal COVID-19 infection is often not associated with neurological symptoms, but emerging evidence suggests that neurological considerations in neonates with COVI..

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a severe manifestation of COVID-19 in children, and diagnostic guidelines were quickly established to identi..

Several studies examining the initial treatment options for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) have generated contradictory findings. The presen..

Simplifying logistics and reducing costs in vaccination programs worldwide is a crucial goal, and achieving this for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination would be ..

A report describes a case of a 16-year-old girl who presented with erythema on the dorsal aspect of her hands. She reported recent travel history to Peru for three w..

Transitioning from adolescence to adulthood can be challenging for anyone, but it becomes even more complex for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A re..

Streptococcus pneumoniae, commonly known as pneumococcus, is a bacterium that poses a significant threat to the health and well-being of children, leading to substan..

This study aimed to assess the accuracy of the Responses to Illness Severity Quantification (RISQ) score in determining illness severity and transitions in levels of..

A report describes a case of a healthy 3-year-old female child who presented with a 1-month history of fevers and rash. Examination revealed well-defined lesions wit..

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary disorder in childhood that poses significant public health concerns due to its prolonged and inflammation-related nature. Understanding..

Diarrhea remains a significant cause of illness and death in children under five years of age, particularly in developing countries. A recent study examined the seru..

Inadequate pain management remains a common issue in hospitalized children, with significant physical and psychological implications. Infusion procedures can be part..

The present report describes a case of a 17-year-old female patient who was admitted to the hospital for evaluation of chronic abdominal pain. The patient had a hist..

In an increasingly digital world, the influence of screens on the neurocognitive development of children has become a topic of great concern. While studies have ex..

Pain is a common complication associated with burns and can have significant negative impacts on children, leading to anxiety and sleep disturbances. Several studies..

Undernutrition among children under the age of five is a pervasive global health challenge that contributes to increased morbidity and mortality rates. In an effort ..

A report describes a case of a 10-year-old boy who initially presented to the emergency department with right abdominal pain, throbbing in nature, associated with na..

A 2020 study aimed to explore novel molecules associated with asthma by analyzing the circulating proteins in childhood asthma. Identifying asthma-associated novel m..

This project aimed to establish evidence-based guidelines for the administration of analgesics by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) clinicians for moderate-to-severe ..

The goal of a recent study was to examine the prevalence of overweight or obesity in children with medical complexity (CMC) compared to those without medical complex..

Transorbital penetrating head injury (PHI) is a rare occurrence but can have severe consequences. While it represents a small percentage of all head injuries, it acc..

Children with a weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) below -3 face a significant risk of death. Yet, this important indicator is not widely utilized in nutrition treatment p..

A recent study compared the effectiveness of ball squeezing and watching cartoons in managing pain during intramuscular (IM) injections in children. This randomized ..

A new study examined the impact of adenotonsillectomy on growth-for-age in pre-pubertal children and identify factors that influence this change.This was a retrospec..

Intrabiliary ascariasis is a relatively rare condition that can cause biliary colic and obstructive jaundice in children, primarily due to the small size of the ampu..

Neonatal jaundice is a common condition affecting many newborns. Early identification of high bilirubin levels is crucial to prevent severe complications, such as ac..

The present study determined the effect of the light toy on lowering pain and fear during blood collection in children.It obtained data from 116 children and observe..

Evidence supports the use of messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccines in children aged 5 to 11 years. Hence the present study evaluated the efficacy and safety of thes..

The report details the case of a 14-year-old boy who had been experiencing polyuria, polydipsia, excessive fatigue, and weight loss for the past six months and prese..

Biological agents can cross the placenta and result in detectable blood levels in the neonate. Neonatal vaccinations are crucial to prevent serious infections. Gisbe..

Acute diarrhea remains a prime contributor to under-5 mortality. Green Banana is a traditional home-based remedy for diarrhea.The present study identified the effect..

The present study investigated the perceptions and experiences of children receiving intravenous (IV) injections and the self-reported pain scores and management str..

A report describes a case of a 10-month-old boy with pathological neurological symptoms of muscle tremors of the upper limbs, head, tongue, and lips, as well as dela..

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have markedly decreased the disease burden caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, a foremost reason for childhood morbidity and m..

Functional abdominal pain is a type of abdominal pain that is common in children and is not caused by any other medical condition. Researchers believe that probiotic..

The present study investigated the effectiveness of the Parent-Child Sandplay Therapy (PCST) Program on autism behaviors, social interactions, and sleep quality amon..

A report describes a case of a 2-day-old male neonate born to consanguineous parents who presented with yellowish skin. The mother suffered moderate hypertriglycerid..

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental disorder, presents core social communication/interaction insufficiencies and restrictive, repetitive behavior pa..

Acute pain remains a common symptom in children of all ages and is associated with various conditions. Despite the existence of guidelines, pain often stays underest..

The emergence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D) stays risky. After a 2011 systematic review, numerous additional articles were pub..

A report describes a case of a 21-month-old boy who presented with alleged accidental consumption of 120 mg of inorganic mercury three days back. He experienced mild..

Cystatin C – a crucial marker of heart failure (HF), strongly correlates to right ventricle (RV) ejection fraction (EF). Therefore, it may also be useful in determin..

A study aimed to describe the clinical and laboratory profile, management, intensive care needs, and outcomes of children with toxic shock syndrome (TSS) – from the ..

It remains uncertain whether food allergy can be prevented using earlier allergenic food introduction.A new study investigated the correlation between allergenic foo..

A 14-year-old male was erroneously administered i.v. Adrenaline 6 mg (1:1000), which led to immediate severe abdominal pain, vomiting, gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding..

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS), a severe, acute life-threatening condition, mostly affects healthy children. Exotoxins are primarily produced by Staphylococcus aureus (T..

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) illustrates a severe illness in immunocompromised children; however, its optimal management still remains arguable. To better ..

There exists negligence while Transporting neonates, which results in high mortality of neonates during transport. The present study determined the effectiveness of ..

A report describes a case of a 13-year-old female child who presented with pain in the abdomen, melena, and anemia of 8-day duration with a history of a similar epis..

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) may generate anti-platelet and anti-endothelial autoantibody coagulation defects leading to bleeding and plasma leakage in dengue infection. Vac..

About two-thirds of children with tuberculosis have a nonsevere disease, which may be managed with a shorter regimen than the current 6-month regimen.The present stu..

The present study evaluated associations between changes in weight, length, and weight/length ratio during infancy and outcomes later in life among extremely preterm..

A report describes a case of a 12-month-old Japanese boy who presented with cyanotic breath-holding spells. He started crying excessively, followed by holding his br..

Greenhow TL. et al. recently assessed invasive bacterial infection incidence rates in preterm infants and compared the rates and pathogens between preterm and full-t..

The dose of supplemental vitamin D needed in infants born with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) serum concentrations less than 50 nmol/L (i.e., 20 ng/mL) remains unclea..

The present study assessed the relationship between eating speed, adiposity, factors predicting cardiometabolic, and diet quality in preschool children.The study enr..

A report describes a case of a 19-day-old male neonate who presented with complaints of fever and loose stools for one day. His parents denied any history of cough, ..

Edwards et al., in their recent study, examined a 42-hospital Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) administrative database to revise prior studies on the incid..

Intranasal corticosteroids (INCs) are the first-line treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in adults and children, despite scarce evidence regarding their effic..

During the unstructured time of childhood, viewing screens is primarily a means of entertainment. The present study reviewed the burden of the problem, delineated th..

A report describes a case of a 10-month-old girl who was referred to Pediatric Gynecology after her parents noticed an expanding genital bulge. Parents reported firs..

A recent systematic review study and meta-analysis by D.C.G. da Silva et al. estimated the prevalence of malnutrition and nutritional deficiencies in children with c..

Sleep patterns and weight in infants are crucial concerning infant growth and development. Baby massage is a slow and gentle stroke movement over the baby's body, st..

Experimental studies and small clinical trials suggest the role of intranasal oxytocin in reducing social impairment in persons with an autism spectrum disorder. Oxy..

A report describes a case of a 6-year-old previously healthy girl who presented with odynophagia and dental pain of the right upper molars. One day later, she got ho..

Complementary feeding is advised in infants at six months of age, along with breastmilk. Mothers' knowledge and behavior in administering sufficient complementary fe..

The effectiveness of probiotic strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus in managing acute childhood gastroenteritis remains unclear. The present study searched the Cochr..

Topical oils are commonly applied in neonates' skin. The present study identified investigations that determined the effects of topical oils on neonatal skin. I..

A report describes a case of a seven-month-old male patient who presented with complaints of diaper rash of three months of duration with no response to treatment. H..

Diet plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and management of Crohn’s Disease (CD). However, we know little about CD children’s dietary habits. Labriola F. et al.,..

The present study compared the efficacy of Ondansetron versus Domperidone for treating vomiting in acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children.The study included 300 chi..

The Japanese vaccination rate for infants and children is evidently excellent, except for the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. Regardless of its efficacy, the ino..

A report describes a case of a six-month-old infant who presented with a one-week history of multiple reddish, scaly skin lesions in the trunk area. The diaper area ..

A landmark longitudinal study conducted in Costa Rica in the 1980s showed that children with chronic iron deficiency, compared with good iron status in infancy, have..

The efficacy of multispecies probiotic formulations in preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) remains unclear. The present study assessed the effect of a mu..

Children with atopic dermatitis (AD) pose a higher risk of peanut allergy. However, these children may have more raised sensitization measures, including serum IgE (..

A report describes a case of a 6-year-old boy with no significant past medical or surgical history who presented with left lower abdominal pain for two days. He refu..

Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic skin condition, causes dry, itchy, and red skin; and affects more than 1 in 10 children. It results from dysfunction of the skin ba..

Tinea capitis is a common dermatophyte infection involving the scalp and hair shaft and is often observed in children. Trichoscopy is a non-invasive tool that helps ..

Literature reports Temporal associations between Kawasaki disease (KD) and childhood vaccines. However, there are limited data on KD following 13-valent pneumococcal..

A report describes a case of a 12-year-old girl who presented with a four-day history of vomiting and worsening pain in the right flank and periumbilical region. Phy..

Oral health makes an integral part of the overall health of children. Dental caries is a common chronic disease process with significant short- and long-term consequ..

Infantile seborrheic dermatitis (ISD), a benign, inflammatory skin condition, features an erythematous rash with greasy scaling and is reported in approximately 70% ..

The present study assessed the 6-month incidence of laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, postnatal care, hosp..

A report describes a case of a patient who started to develop wheals every couple of weeks at the age of 5. After two years of evolution, a first diagnostic workup w..

Infancy is a golden era; thus, it also demands special attention for the child's growth and development. From infancy to childhood, growth and development are contin..

Micronutrient deficiencies remain still prevalent among children under five in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), even though several effective strategies now..

Several investigations have found prophylactic emollients as a preventive strategy against atopic dermatitis (AD) and food allergy (FA). The present study synthesize..

A report describes a case of a five-year-old girl who presented with complaints of fever, rashes, and cold for the past week. She experienced continuous fever every ..

Kline JN et al., in their study, compared the clinical and laboratory features of children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) to those evalua..

Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) presents a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder that mostly concerns young adults in areas rich in sebaceous glands (scalp, face, and..

There remain only a few studies that evaluate bathing frequency in pediatric atopic dermatitis (AD). Parents of children with AD often receive conflicting informatio..

A report describes a case of a 6-month-old, term, previously healthy, and fully immunized girl who initially presented to pediatric urgent care with one day of fever..

Evidence has linked maternal pre-pregnancy obesity with low folate concentrations and child overweight or obesity (OWO). However, the role of maternal folate concent..

The practice of infant massage is common throughout the world. Yet, the effectiveness of this intervention is unclear for the term healthy newborns.A recent systemat..

The present study developed and evaluated a new patient-reported outcome measure to assess perceived barriers to antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. It developed..

A report describes a case of a three-year-old male patient with an unremarkable past medical history who presented with a five-day history of microvesicular lesions ..

Glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) deficiency, an autosomal recessive condition, shows mutations in the GPI gene on chromosome 19q13.1. These Patients have congenital..

Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), a noninvasive marker of airway inflammation, is employed in children using the "offline" technique. No studies in the literature compare ..

Pneumonia makes the top infectious cause of death in children, with especially high mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Interleukin-18 binding protein (IL..

The present report describes a case of a 7.5-year-old boy with tumefactive multiple sclerosis (TMS) and a Baló-like lesion who initially presented with subacute righ..

Streptococcus mutans make a major etiological agent for dental caries. S. mutans strains expressing collagen-binding proteins (CBPs) are related to the pathogenesis ..

The Continuous bright light conditions that premature infants experience while hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) can have harmful effects on their..

Hyperdiploidy represents the largest genetic entity of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. A recent study discussed in detail the diagnostic h..

A recent report describes a case of a three-year-old girl who presented with cutaneous lesions in the absence of fever, pruritus, or other symptoms. Physical examina..

Proper feeding of infants and young children is crucial for healthy growth and preventing stunting, wasting, and being overweight. A recent study assessed the benefi..

Neonates also experience pain, and its management is necessary to control long-term as well as short-term effects. The most common source of pain in the neonatal int..

Eczema is characterised by dry and inflamed, itchy skin and affects around 20% of children. A recent study compared the clinical effectiveness and safety of the four..

A report describes a case of a 32-week (gestational age) female newborn weighing 1,700g who was delivered by an emergency cesarean section, following placental abrup..

A recent joint declaration from the American Academy of Pediatrics-American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry-Children’s Hospital Association reported high ..

Pediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with numerous vascular, pulmonary, cardiac, and systemic conditions. Though therapies have developed in recent ye..

The goal of a recent study was to identify facilitators and barriers to physical activity in children with bronchiectasis––unrelated to cystic fibrosis (CF)––from th..

A newborn born at 39-week gestational age developed respiratory distress shortly after birth. The baby boy required transient non-invasive respiratory support and wa..

Pulmonary atresia, a congenital cardiac abnormality, is often detected shortly after birth and presents as a faulty development of the pulmonary valve.Since children..

Blood gas analyzers are commonly available in neonatal intensive care units to measure bilirubin in whole blood. However, their accuracy of measurements is not well ..

Preterm neonates tend to develop sepsis more often, possibly due to an immature immune system. Literature on lymphocyte subsets and immunoglobulins in preterm neonat..

A report describes a case of an otherwise healthy 1-week-old who presented with a diaper rash. Examination revealed perianal redness with shallow ulcerations, ulcera..

We evidently know that human milk feeding restricts lung diseases in vulnerable neonates. A recent study by Moliner-Calderón E. et al. compared the need for mechanic..

There may be the existence of common inflammatory biomarkers linking obesity and asthma in children. However, laboratory and clinical characteristics of children wit..

Pediatric track and trigger tools (PTTTs) based on vital parameters witness their global use in assisting healthcare professionals in identifying signs of critical i..

A report describes a case of a girl with normal perinatal history, born to a 32-year-old primigravida mother at 39-week gestation by cesarean section for non-reassur..

Synaptogenesis, myelination, energy metabolism, and neurotransmitter production depend on iron for brain development. NICU infants are at distinct risk for iron defi..

Longitudinal trajectory methods, featuring outcome assessments at three or more time points, are used as appropriate approaches for understanding the developmental p..

Infants born preterm are highly susceptible to infectious diseases, which many factors may contribute to; however, the immature nature of the preterm immune system r..

A report describes a case of a female neonate who got delivered (via elective cesarian section) at term following an unremarkable prenatal course with normal fetal u..

Delays in advancing to biologic therapies may lead to adverse outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Insurer-mandated prior authorizations may cause prolonged..

Practicing infant massage in a variety of settings is common globally. However, there is a demand for an updated literature review on this topic. A recent study thus..

Jaundice caused by hyperbilirubinemia is common during the neonatal period. Yet there are only a few Population-based studies evaluating assessment, management, and ..

A report describes a case of a 9-year-old boy with no significant medical history who complained of painless blurry vision for two days. He also had dizziness and a ..

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal emergency in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). It is also a major cause of preterm infant ..

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration, whose scarcity may cause bioenergetic failure and cell death. Thus, administration of supplemental conc..

Neonates and infants show different causes of hypercalcaemia, often distinct from those in older children and adults. Hypercalcaemia offers a wide range of symptoms,..

The recent report describes a case of an 11 years old boy who was identified by coaching assistants attached to the Family Medicine Centre (FMC) of the Department of..

Haematopoiesis in the bone marrow (BM) regulates Blood and immune cell production in postnatal life. It first emerges in human BM at 11-12 post-conception weeks. How..

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a life-limiting inherited hemoglobinopathy that causes significant complications and affects the quality of life. Hematopoietic stem cel..

Researchers are now exploring the potential role of ultrasound for diagnosing pulmonary diseases because, traditionally, lungs have been considered unsuitable for ul..

A 3-year-old boy, complained of pain in both lower limbs for eight days and fever for seven days. He was apparently healthy and went to bed symptom-free and awoke in..

In the absence of commercially available, licensed, and age-specific dosage forms, extemporaneous compounding is a usual pharmacy practice. However, these preparatio..

The pharyngeal airway is a vital component of the respiratory system's function. Assessment of the pharyngeal airway dimensions in different skeletal types is essent..

AD is a complex disease demonstrating different clinical phenotypes, requiring an individualized and multidisciplinary approach. Only a few detailed guidelines direc..

A report describes a case of a neonate weighing 2140 g, with a gestational age between 36 and 38 weeks, found in a cardboard box, nude, covered only with a blanket, ..

Children with disabilities have more significant health needs and challenges accessing health care and education. Low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) are ..

The Head-related transfer function (HRTFs) is the Fourier transform of head-related impulse response that characterizes how an ear receives a sound from a point in s..

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have become essential in evaluating care and clinical research. Therefore, clinicians and researchers need to use an age-ap..

BackgroundHepatic dysfunction in malaria has been known for many years, but hepatic encephalopathy is unusual. Jaundice has been found to be more common in falciparu..

Cross-sectional studies indicate that children suffering from chronic intestinal failure and receiving home parenteral nutrition carry an increased risk of impaired ..

Numerous alternative peripartum and neonatal practices are nowadays introduced in delivery settings. Pediatric providers may be queried about these practices during ..

In the initial days of hospitalization, preterm newborns receive combinations of breastfeeding, spoon/paladai feeding, and/or gavage feeding. Each of these methods m..

A report describes a case of a 5-year-old girl, who was previously healthy and presented with a one-week history of high-grade intermittent fever, headache, and righ..

Health requirement in school-age children includes healthy sleep, with adequate duration and continuity, consistent sleep onset and wake-up timing, along with the ab..

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in neonates (..

Preterm infants with premature rupture of membranes are often administered antibiotic treatment, however, the rates of early onset sepsis are lower. A recent study, ..

A report describes a case of an infant female born at 31 weeks of gestation with a weight of 1500 g. She was delivered by cesarean delivery with spinal anesthesia, p..

Preterm infants, born at 35-36 weeks, are often admitted to a level I unit (well-newborn maternity wards). However, they may still be physiologically immature.Infant..

Jaundice screening in the newborn period is mostly done with Transcutaneous bilirubin (TCB) monitoring. However, there are very less data on adjusting TCB for bias i..

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) leads to various neurologic symptoms, such as intractable epilepsy and neurodevelopmental disorders, including learning problems and..

A report describes a case of a 31-year-old female, gravida 3, para 2, who was referred for fetal cardiac evaluation at 22 weeks gestation since she had a maternal fa..

Brain injury and its effect on long-term neurodevelopment will continue to be one of the main challenges in neonatal medicine in upcoming years. The etiology of brai..

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), a chronic clinical-pathologic disease, is characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the esophageal epithelium with esophageal dys..

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has played an integral role in characterizing patterns of structural, functional, and metabolic brain development. Additionally, stu..

We present the case of a 7-month-old infant. She has two-month history of worsening intermittent vomiting and failure to thrive despite nutritional optimization and ..

Children’s rhythmic movements during the first year of life have a significant predictive validity for subsequent communicative development. Nevertheless, their func..

Preterm children have an increased risk of falling for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). But an early diagnosis of ASD is challenging because of the lesser reliability..

Temperament is a vibrant trait that can be moulded by maturity and environmental experiences. A recent study determined if and the extent to which temperament was pr..

A report describes a case of a 5-year-old boy who presented with palpitation and dyspnea. His symptoms were reported to start after an upper respiratory infection 3 ..

The Children of today will be adults of tomorrow. It’s not the economical and natural resources but the quality of children and youth decides the kind of destiny tha..

After the coronavirus 2019 pandemic, Europe and America, several centers reported children presenting with an acute febrile illness accompanied by inflammation, gast..

Epilepsy is a frequent cause of pediatric hospitalization. In such cases, patient safety relies on prompt seizure first aid. A collaborative effort between physician..

AbstractThe leiomyoma is a benign tumor of smooth muscle. Key Words: Leiomyoma, Glans, Glans disease, Glans penisIntroductionLeiomyoma is a ubiquitous, benign mesenc..

Growth hormone (GH) therapy has been applied in the yesteryear; it has demonstrated excellent safety when used for short-term treatments ever since 1958. However, re..

The bioavailability of iron from different dietary iron sources varies.The goal of a study was to calculate the amount of bioavailable iron consumed among 6- to 12- ..

A new study published in JAMA Pediatrics examined the association between screen time exposure during infancy and the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) –..

A 12-year-old girl presented with intermittent fever, generalized weakness, along with distension abdominal pain. She was diagnosed with a bilateral ovarian dysgermi..

COVID-19 pandemic has taught us the crucial role of immunity in children as well as in adults. It has also described a boosted expression of innate immune responses,..

Most children living in low- and middle-income countries need palliative care (PC). Colombian healthcare professionals (HCPs) know very less about pediatric palliati..

Childhood Asthma, a chronic condition, is frequently reported. International guidelines for children and young people (CYP) support using Leukotriene receptor antago..

A case reported admission of a baby boy of 23 days old, for treatment and management of presumed neonatal sepsis and meningitis. He was a full-term baby born normall..

A management model for admission and treatment of pediatric trauma employing the Theory of Constraints (TOC) was designed after scrutinizing the frequent management ..

Lengthy mechanical ventilation in premature infants can lead to adverse consequences, like bronchopulmonary dysplasia, pneumonia, impaired neuronal development etc. ..

Recent years have witnessed great advancements in assessing and managing children with growth failure. Yet it can be further improved by employing novel digital tech..

A report describes a case of a 2-year-old boy weighing 15 kg, who reported a high-grade continuous type fever along with chills and rigors. He also had cough (wet co..

The assessment of a child's growth and nutritional status is essential before a dietary recommendation. However, evaluation of the nutrition status necessitates a se..

Evidence suggests that screen-based devices pose deleterious impacts on children’s health and development. Understanding the extent and severity of such impacts requ..

The goal of a study published in The Journal of Pediatrics was to describe the antibiotic prescribing patterns in ambulatory children with community-acquired pneumon..

A 28-month-old male infant was brought to the emergency department with an acute abdominal pain. His parents reported that the child had a few episodes of vomiting o..

Pediatric tracheostomy becomes frequently necessary for enabling long-term ventilation. A new article published in JAMA Pediatrics aimed to report hospital health ca..

A recent study explored the association between elective birth at 39 weeks of gestation and the risk of childhood developmental outcomes.This was a cohort study, tha..

A recent article reviewed evidence relating the importance of the composition of culture media on the health of embryos, fetuses, newborns, and adults generated by a..

A three-year-old boy was brought to the pediatric emergency department because of persistent inconsolable crying over the past day. Earlier, on the same week he had ..

A recent study published in Current Psychiatry Reports  reviewed the current literature on neurodevelopmental profiles and autism prevalence among infants at high-r..

Morbidity and mortality associated with hypothermia in preterm neonates can be averted through low-cost strategies.The aim of this study was to examine effect of mas..

A recent article discussed that the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity impose far-reaching impacts. The deleterious effects of excess adiposity during childh..

A 6-month-old baby boy presented to them with irritability and generalized lethargy over the past week. The child had been suffering from an upper respiratory tract ..

Preterm infants and infants with perinatal brain injury possess an increased incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). The Infant Motor Profile (IMP), a clini..

Growth hormone (GH) therapy is utilized since 1958 and has shown an excellent safety profile in the short term. However, its potential long-term side effects cannot ..

There is a lack of consensus regarding the definition of late-onset bacterial sepsis (LOS) in very preterm infants. A recent study thus assessed the concordance of L..

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the commonest diagnoses observed in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). It is associated with fatal complications like ce..

A recent study examined the implications of a range of parental emotion socialization behaviors in the context of adaptive and maladaptive child and adolescent emoti..

A recent study published in Nutrients quantified the composition of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) of women with normal BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), overweight or obes..

The purpose of a study published in the Israel Journal of Health Policy Research  was to develop a management model for admission and treatment of pediatric trauma ..

An otherwise healthy 12-year-old male presented with severe headache over the past two months. The headaches seemed progressive and were associated with fever. The c..

The Association of Medical School Pediatric Department Chairs (AMSPDC) summoned a multiorganizational Workforce Summit in February 2020, which assembled leaders from..

Knowledge about why and how extremely preterm infants die is crucial for practitioners caring for these infants. Thus a recent study examined risk factors, causes, t..

There exists Practice variability regarding the usage of corticosteroids in treating or preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely preterm infants, but limit..

Aneurysms are associated with infections, head injuries, sickle cell anemia, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiencies, and connective tissue ..

Neonates and infants are more vulnerable to infections in comparison to adults, which are associated with mortality and morbidity. In utero, the infant is protected ..

Globally, prematurity affects 15 million infants per year and illustrates long-term neurodevelopment, motor, cognitive, linguistic, and socioemotional deficits. Alon..

Parents play a very important role in an infant’s development via interaction and the type of environment they provide for their children. However, several countries..

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a fairly common problem in neonatology. GERD is characterized by the involuntary and intermittent backflow of gastric content into..

The parents, especially the mother, after the birth of a baby, have a frequent practical query concerning how long the time during which they have to go with less an..

Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is now widely used for the pediatric and neonatal population. Additionally, dramatic improvements in the technology and safety of ..

The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative designates a global effort to sustain breastfeeding. This program supports longer duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding and..

AbstractThyroid hormone plays an important role in different metabolism in the body. Hematopoietic system is the primary one among the affected systems and anemia is..

Parental reflective functioning describes the parents' ability to reflect on the internal mental states of their children, which will make them react more sensitivel..

Evaluating the features of spontaneous movements and behavior in early infancy assists in estimating developmental outcomes. A recent study introduced the Infant Beh..

Numerous neuroimaging studies describe the presence of brain lesions in the preterm infant, using cranial ultrasound (cUS) and/or term equivalent age MRI (TEA-MRI). ..

A report describes a case of a 20-month-old girl who presented with progressive respiratory distress and fever since 1 day before admission. Her weight was 14 kg, wi..

Advancements in neonatal care have shown improved outcomes in high-risk newborns with technologies playing a significant part although many were designed for the neo..

Neonatal anemia may hinder oxygen transport to the brain. The effect of anemia and cerebral oxygenation on neurological functioning in the early neonatal period rema..

Preterm infants contain higher nutrition needs than term infants.  Single specific systematic reviews (SRs) assessed the effectiveness of various feeding supplementa..

AbstractLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder involving clonal proliferation of cells in mononuclear phagocyte system. Clinical forms of LCH are Let..

The protective effects of Kangaroo mother care (KMC) on the neurodevelopment of preterm infants are well known however the persistence of its benefits beyond infancy..

At birth, human infants are suspended to endure harsh, hostile conditions. Understanding the state of newborn skin development and maturation is crucial to maintaini..

The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal Target 2.2 aspires to end all forms of malnutrition by 2030 by meeting targets, along with eliminating stunting and ..

Among the very little published literature, none have discussed care in a neonate regarding anesthetic risk and management of the neonate with congenital bronchobili..

American Academy of Pediatrics recommended the Intramuscular administration of vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) as a standard of ..

The present study discussed novel combinations of topical agents (i.e., zinc gluconate, zinc oxide, dexpanthenol, and taurine) that target a combination of mechanism..

One recent retrospective large-scale study examined the association between prescribing antibiotics for infants and subsequent atopic dermatitis (AD) by utilizing th..

AbstractHemangiomas are benign tumors made up of blood vessels. They usually regress spontaneously within 9 years of age. Hemangioma of retropharyngeal space is a ra..

ABSTRACTHerpes zoster (HZ) as well as varicella are caused by varicella-zoster virus. It is uncommon in children. Cases have been reported in literature among all ag..

A recent study evaluated the persistence of maternal anti-S IgG, induced by a COVID-19 vaccine, in infant blood, and compared the persistence of infant anti-S IgG fo..

Diaper dermatitis represents a common form of irritant contact dermatitis that is seen in infants and toddlers, primarily due to prolonged contact with urine, feces,..

A prospective cohort study explored and compared fetal neurosonography and infant neurobehavioral tests in spontaneously conceived (SC) and in vitro fertilization (I..