Pediatrics Update Articles

Neonates in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are at high risk for skin damage – medical devices being a common cause. Other contributing factors include immobil..

The aim of a new study was to assess the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in children with epilepsy (CWE) and their impact on quality of life (QOL).In this pr..

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and itchy skin condition that affects about 43 million children aged 1-4 years. Emollients are commonly used to manage AD symptom..

A 4.5-year-old girl––first child, born full-term to second-degree consanguineous parents, presented with difficulty walking independently. Developmental delays were ..

Atopic dermatitis (AD) – a common chronic skin condition in children, which is often linked with other atopic disorders like asthma and allergic rhinitis. While AD i..

The goal of a study was to evaluate growth trajectories of preterm, very low birth weight (VLBW) infants who are appropriate for gestational age (AGA) under three di..

A new study aimed to evaluate whether extended or continuous beta-lactam infusions (EI/CI) enhance clinical outcomes in children with bacterial infections. In this s..

A 15-year-old boy presented with shortness of breath and generalized malaise for over 3-4 days.The child had a history of Noonan syndrome.  His medical history inclu..

Caring for children with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) presents unique challenges, as it requires addressing a broad spectrum of developmental stages. Achieving successful o..

Treating children with undiagnosed RR/MDR-TB is crucial to reduce childhood TB mortality. Optimal diagnosis and management of children under 15 years old with rifamp..

A recent study discusses the safety and effectiveness of selexipag for treating pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).After analyzing clinica..

A report describes a case of a male neonate, born vaginally at a gestational age of 39 weeks with an Apgar score of 9 to 10 and a weight of 3480 grams. He suffered p..

Early childhood caries (ECC) poses a significant challenge for pediatric dentists globally, with dietary factors playing a crucial role in its development. Limited r..

The aim of a new study was to compare the effectiveness of a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and conventional oxygen therapy (COT) – using a simple nasal cannula for ..

Pediatric chronic pain – pain lasting three months or longer, is a widespread, disabling, and expensive issue, particularly during adolescence. It often disrupts psy..

A male newborn was delivered through vacuum extraction – at 40 weeks gestation. At birth, he required positive pressure ventilation for one minute due to hypotonia a..

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous central venous port (CVP) placement offers a minimally invasive approach for pediatric patients, but like many surgical techniques, it..

There is a rising concern that acetaminophen may adversely affect lung health. Hence, the present retrospective study examined if acetaminophen, compared with cycloo..

A recent study that evaluated postprocedural clinical characteristics of preterm infants undergoing transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure foundThe inc..

A 5-year-old girl complained of a sound coming from the left side of her chest for the previous two years, which occurred intermittently, for minutes to hours, for 3..

The aim of a new study was to assess the effect of proactive perinatal care on periviable preterm infants before and after its implementation.In this retrospective c..

The goal of a study was to assess the impact of hybrid support (tele-mentoring and conventional support) on adverse outcomes among neonates in 10 special newborn car..

A new study compared the PaO2/FiO2 (PF ratio) to SpO2/FiO2 (SF ratio) and the oxygenation index (OI) to the oxygenation saturation index (OSI) for predicting short-t..

A 10-year-old boy was referred to the endocrinology department due to minimal linear growth between ages 7 and 10. His parents noted growth arrest over the past two ..

Immunization coverage in India varies significantly across different settings, geographic areas, and populations. Leveraging technology can play a crucial role in re..

A recent study assessed the impact of focused parental education on limiting screen time in early childhood.It enrolled 120 healthy children aged 9–10 months, born a..

A recent study assessed the association between nutritional and clinical characteristics and quantitative PCR (qPCR)-diagnosis of bacterial diarrhea in a multicentre..

A report describes a case of a 6-year-old boy who presented after an episode of focal seizure and acute-onset right hemiparesis. Examination revealed the child as du..

Excessive screen time among children has become a global issue due to its negative impact on health and development. Understanding its prevalence and associated risk..

Acute diarrhea is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five in India, particularly affecting those belonging to the age-range 6 months to ..

Neutralizing virus infectivity is considered a primary immunological defense against rotavirus infection. In India, the National Immunization Programme includes RR [..

A 5-year-old boy was brought to the emergency department with two episodes of hematemesis within the last 5-6 hours. His parents reported that he had been exper..

Urticaria – a common presentation during childhood, affects up to 15% of British children and is marked by sudden wheals, angioedema, or both. The condition arises..

The impact of maternal vitamin D supplementation on preventing infantile rickets in low- and middle-income countries is unclear, especially where routine infant su..

In 2016, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) recommended stopping the use of type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and shifting from trivalent to bivalen..

A two-year-old boy presented with a painless, gradually enlarging swelling on his left cheek.His swelling was first noticed nearly 10 months back. Initially grape-si..

Mumps – an acute infectious disease, is caused by an RNA virus from the genus Rubulavirus, family Paramyxoviridae. This virus predominantly targets glandular and ner..

Guidelines for managing chronic urticaria (CU) in children often rely on recommendations from adult studies, which lack a standardized diagnostic pathway. The effect..

The goal of a new study was to estimate lung ultrasound (LUS) scores within six hours of birth in neonates with respiratory distress (RD) and evaluate its predictive..

Adenosine kinase (ADK) deficiency manifests with seizures, global developmental delay, and distinctive facial features. Fewer than 30 cases have been reported global..

Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has traditionally been more prevalent in Western countries, and there is limited data on pediatric IBD (P-IBD) in northern..

A new study aimed to compare the proportion of exclusively breastfed (EBF) infants with severe vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D concentration <11 ng/mL) at 6 months ..

The goal of a recent study was to present the epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis (JE) following the introduction of routine immunization in moderately endemic dis..

An eight-year-old boy presented with migratory maculopapular skin lesions – evolving over eight weeks. On examination, the lesions were erythematous, non-ecchym..

A new study aimed to compare the social, emotional, and behavioral status of children with foreign body ingestion to that of healthy individuals. This case-cont..

Management of Primary Vesicoureteric Reflux (VUR) – revised updates from the Indian Society of Pediatric Nephrology Guidelines (ISPN) 2023:Surgical reimplantation is..

A new study assessed the utility of the Film Array Meningoencephalitis (FAME) panel in managing children with acute encephalitis syndrome (AES).In this retrospective..

A 14-year-old boy was brought to the emergency department after experiencing syncope and afebrile seizures. Three days earlier, he collapsed during a soccer game and..

Neonatal weight loss of up to 10%, immediately after birth––peaking around 3-4 days of life––is a well-recognized phenomenon. Factors such as inadequate milk suppl..

Summary of Key Recommendations and Clinical Practice Points for urinary tract infection (UTI) Prevention – revised Indian Society of Pediatric Nephrology guideline..

A new study evaluated the effectiveness of a nurse-guided maternal intervention package in reducing stress behaviors among preterm neonates in the NICU.This random..

A previously healthy 2-year-old boy was hospitalized following an unexplained sudden cardiac arrest. Thirty minutes before the cardiac event, his right foot had be..

Children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) must administer bolus insulin before meals, requiring self-care tasks such as blood glucose monitoring to determi..

Imaging Following Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs):Ultrasound scan is indicated for all patients diagnosed with UTI. The advantages of using this imaging modality are..

A new study aimed to develop anthropometric growth references for Indian children and adolescents using data from multiple national surveys on 'healthy' children. He..

A 17-year-old girl arrived at the emergency department (ED) with an intense left upper quadrant (LUQ) abdominal pain that worsened with movement. Her pain had commen..

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into pediatrics can revolutionize healthcare through innovative diagnostic methods, treatment planning, and customized cli..

Prompt diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children are crucial to prevent complications. Children with recurrent UTIs require thorough e..

A new study assessed the effectiveness of infant pulmonary function tests, specifically Tidal Breathing Flow Volume Loops (TBFVL), in diagnosing airway anomalies i..

A 19-month-old boy presented with multiple vomiting episodes. His body weight was 9.3 kg, and his height was 80 cm.Initial clinical examination revealed irritabil..

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most prevalent severe bacterial infections in children, often leading to healthcare visits. Escherichia coli is the pri..

Diagnosing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children is challenging due to the non-specific symptoms and difficulty collecting urine specimens. However, early diag..

Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) in children can lead to severe neurocognitive deficits or death, making periodic studies crucial to track changes in causes and out..

A primigravida mother delivered a healthy girl at term via spontaneous vaginal delivery, with the baby weighing 4,080 g at birth. At the 2-week well-child check, the..

The development of executive function (EF) in preschool children, particularly those with congenital heart disease (CHD), depends on various factors. Recent research..

The present study assessed the similarity between umbilical cord blood (UCB) and neonatal blood (NB) laboratory test results at birth.The study included very preterm..

X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is a prevalent inborn error of immunity (IEI), where early diagnosis is crucial for timely intervention with intravenous immunoglob..

A report describes a case of a 17-year-old boy who underwent recurrent neurological symptoms since age 10, beginning with an acute-onset left ulnar axonopathy, that ..

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) remains a significant health concern among Indian children and adolescents despite constant efforts to address it through iron supplemen..

The present study investigated the improvement in serum chloride levels between children receiving 5% Dextrose in Ringer’s Lactate (RLD5) vs. 5% Dextrose Normal Sali..

The present study investigated the longitudinal associations between newborn neurobehavioral stress signs, maternal parenting stress, and several indices of toddler ..

Mumps, an acute viral illness, is caused by a paramyxovirus and typically presents as parotitis. Infective myositis is a self-limiting condition in children caused b..

Biliary atresia (BA) poses a significant challenge in pediatric hepatology, constituting a substantial proportion of neonatal cholestasis cases and serving as a le..

Early onset of Myopia raises the risk of high Myopia, which may cause irreversible retinal damage and even central vision loss.The present study investigated the ..

The present study investigated the relationship between sleep and subcortical brain structures in 98 children with overweight/obesity. It estimated Sleep behaviors..

A report describes a case of a term neonate born who developed ecchymosis for two days, heeded by altered sensorium and seizures on day 25 of life. He had an unevent..

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a significant concern in neonatal care, especially for premature babies dealing with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Re..

A recent study compared the efficacy of closed tracheal suction systems (CTSS) to open tracheal suction systems (OTSS) in reducing the incidence of ventilator-associ..

Procedural sedoanalgesia is given to Children undergoing invasive procedures to reduce anxiety and fear. Cost-effective sedation will help Non-anesthesiologists (tra..

A report describes the cases of two boys from well-off social strata who presented with rachitic fractures, indicating child neglect and abuse by omission.The first ..

Neonatal sepsis remains a significant challenge for healthcare providers caring for newborns and infants. Babies are particularly vulnerable to bacterial infection..

The function-based eat, sleep, console (ESC) care approach significantly reduces the need for pharmacological treatment in infants suffering from neonatal opioid w..

A recent study investigated the mechanism of glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) following high-strength probiotics supplementation by evaluati..

A report describes a case of a three-year-old boy who presented with 36–72-hour attacks of unresponsiveness with normal vital signs and without any specific neurolog..

Thiamine deficiency disorders (TDD) pose a significant challenge in pediatric medicine, presenting a range of clinical abnormalities with potentially serious cons..

New developments in vaccinology and the availability of new vaccines have prompted a need to revise/review the existing immunization recommendations. The Advisory ..

A recent study investigated the impact of blood sampling stewardship on transfusion requirements among extremely premature infants. The study included infants bor..

A report describes a case of a 29-day-old baby boy with fetal growth restriction and born by induction at 40 weeks. He was small for his gestational age and showe..

Over the past few decades, there has been an alarming rise in pediatric hypertension cases. This trend not only poses immediate risks but also heightens the likeliho..

The three pathophysiologic contributors to septic shock are-• Different combinations of hypovolemia (relative > absolute)• Reduced vascular tone or vasoplegia • Myoc..

A recent study evaluated the incidence and kinds of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) in hospitalized children (upto 12years). It screened the children for su..

A report describes a case of an 11-year-old girl who presented with lower lip cheilitis and stomatitis for a day. There was no history of any such previous episodes,..

Neonatal care requires meticulous management of fluids, electrolytes, and nutrition, particularly for extremely preterm neonates who are most vulnerable. Guideline..

A new study assessed the effectiveness of color Doppler ultrasonography in evaluating the response of infantile hemangioma to oral propranolol treatment. This pros..

A new study investigated thyroid function abnormalities and associated conditions in very preterm (VPT) or very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.This retrospective..

A 2-year-old boy was brought to the emergency department after experiencing sudden cardiac arrest of unknown cause. Prior to the arrest, his right foot had accide..

Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a critical concern in pediatric healthcare, characterized by its sudden onset and potential for severe complications. Among its var..

A recent study compared the effect of companion presence versus midwife presence during skin-to-skin contact (SSC) at birth on maternal anxiety, satisfaction, and ne..

A recent Randomized Controlled Trial assessed the effectiveness of using mustard seed-filled pillows in preventing deformational plagiocephaly (DP) in preterm infant..

A report describes a case of a 2-year-old boy who presented with a two-week history of a febrile illness associated with cold and cough. He displayed fever and incre..

Understanding food selectivity (FS) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is crucial for both caregivers and healthcare professionals. A recent research il..

Adequate Physical Activity, less Sedentary Behavior, optimum Sleep, and less Screen Time are crucial for children, especially for those under five.  A cross-sectio..

A report described a case of a baby girl born at 24 weeks gestation experiencing numerous prematurity sequelae like respiratory distress syndrome and grade 2 intra..

Herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE) is a treatable form of acute sporadic encephalitis with a high mortality rate of 50-70% if left untreated or inadequately tre..

Pruritus poses a significant challenge in the context of pediatric chronic cholestasis, and its uncontrollable nature may even warrant liver transplantation. A recen..

The normal heart rate variability (HRV) values in newborn infants remain unclear. A recent study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of measuring and analyzing short-t..

A report describes a case of a 9-month-old girl who presented with regression of milestones for two months. She was not able to vocalize and showed a silent cry for ..

Appendicitis is the leading cause of abdominal surgery in children. However, its diagnosis poses a challenge due to the initial nonspecific symptoms that lead to del..

A study reported 15 years of experience at a single medical center regarding the management and outcomes of ileocolic intussusception (ICI) cases.This was a retrospe..

The Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a prevalent contagious illness transmitted through the feco-oral route––particularly endemic in rapidly urbanizing areas. Despite the ..

A male neonate exhibited typical buttocks, normal genitalia, and a well-formed perineum with a funnel-shaped anus upon birth. He was delivered at 40 weeks gestationa..

Rickets is a common childhood condition characterized by improper bone mineralization, resulting in deformities and growth impediments. It is caused by deficiencies ..

A recent study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the Pediatric Appendicitis Score (PAS) in diagnosing acute appendicitis among children with lower abdominal pain, th..

The objective of a new study was to evaluate the influence of targeted parental education on limiting screen time in early childhood. This was an open-label, randomi..

A 5-month-old female infant was hospitalized due to pneumonia, which quickly progressed to respiratory failure. Immediate intervention included the initiation of non..

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) adversely affect the quality of life (QoL) of pediatric cancer patients. Despite standard guidelines for prevention..

A new study evaluated the performance of the empiric prediction tool developed by Gupta et al. in predicting neurological outcomes in critically ill children and t..

A new study aimed to assess the usefulness of microscopic examination and culture of endotracheal aspirate (ETA) in the early diagnosis of ventilator-associated pn..

Carbonic anhydrase-VA (CA-VA) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder resulting from a homozygous mutation in the CA5A gene. With only 26 reported cases..

A recent article discussed the common and distressing experience of children undergoing peripheral venous cannulation in hospitals – emphasizing the deep-rooted pain..

A new study aimed to assess the effectiveness of procalcitonin (PCT) as a point-of-care test for screening radiographic pneumonia in children with influenza-like ill..

The goal of a recent study was to evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents with overweight/obesity using the Kasch pulse recovery (KPR) test, e..

Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD) represents a group of inherited immune system disorders characterized by interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) deficienc..

A new study aimed to investigate the impact of neonatal hypoglycemia on neurodevelopment and neurodevelopmental clusters in infants at 18 months of age. This prospec..

A recent article presented a literature-based review on the burden of childhood obesity, its etiology, and its risk factors to guide recommendations for its evaluati..

An interventional study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of sublingual methylcobalamin in treating vitamin B12 deficiency anemia in children aged 1-12 years. ..

An 11-year-old boy exhibited gradual hyperpigmentation over the perioral region, eyelids, and right forehead – during the nine months following the initiation of ora..

A new study investigated spirometry parameters in children six months after severe acute coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.This was a descriptive study conducted ..

A new study aimed to assess the accuracy of the Advanced Pediatric Life Support (APLS) endotracheal tube (ET) depth formula in Indian children aged 1-12 years.This w..

A recent study investigated geographical variations in children under five for diarrhea-associated –prevalence, oral rehydration solution (ORS), and zinc supplementa..

A new study presented a clinical and etiological profile of 19 children with renal rickets managed between 2021-2022. The median age of presentation was 60 months, a..

A recent study described the challenges and discrimination faced by single parents, particularly those opting for Single-Parent Adoption (SPA) in India. Despite lega..

The circulation of bilirubin in the enterohepatic system plays a crucial role in neonatal jaundice. A new study assessed the efficacy of oral zinc in decreasing seru..

The goal of a recent study was to culturally adapt and validate a Hindi version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3) – for Indian children aged 2-24 months. ..

A 2-year-old boy was treated in the outpatient clinic for a febrile illness associated with cough and cold. However, these therapies failed. He also exhibited increa..

A recent article emphasized the impact of chronic illnesses and diseases during childhood and adolescence on linear growth, pubertal development, and bone mass ac..

A new study assessed the efficacy of procalcitonin (PCT) as a point-of-care test for screening radiographic pneumonia in children with influenza-like illness (ILI)..

The heel prick is a frequently performed, painful procedure in neonates, and various devices are available for this purpose. Evaluating and comparing the procedura..

The parents of a two-week-old male reported dry and cracked skin of the neonate, noticed at birth. The baby had no prior medical history. Shortly after birth, he ..

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted the psychosocial well-being of people and societies worldwide. A new prospective, interventional study evaluated the ps..

An international consensus conference on pediatric sepsis (2005) established definitions for various terms, including systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS),..

Nowadays, infants and children are exposed to screen-based devices. Excessive screen exposure can contribute to gross and fine motor developmental delays and express..

An 11-year-old boy was admitted to the emergency department with a lesion on his right proximal lower leg, resulting from a previous injury that required sutures aft..

It is crucial to understand the pathophysiology of infantile atopic dermatitis (AD)for the management of subsequent allergic diseases. Cytokines like IL-33 play a ro..

A recent preliminary, randomized, and controlled study investigated the effectiveness and safety of a novel multicomponent nasal spray as an add-on treatment for all..

The aim of a recent study was to investigate the correlation between serum periostin levels and asthma control in children. In this single-center, cross-sectional st..

A 7-week-old infant presented with fever, loose stools, vomiting, and seizures. The boy had a family history of early-onset diabetes––in the father and maternal gran..

Childhood overweight and obesity have nearly doubled in Indian urban areas; approximately 4.2% of children were overweight in 2020––based on a weight-for-height crit..

The purpose of a new study was to examine the effects of social skills group training (SSGT) on children with autism aged 8-12 years. Here, the baseline (T1), immedi..

Despite reported benefits for various exercise modalities, determining the most effective exercise approaches and optimal exercise dose for reducing insulin resistan..

A 15-year-old girl presented with a sudden onset of high-grade fever accompanied by chills and rigor persisting for three days. She had no signs of infection – histo..

Chest pain in children is typically non-cardiac in origin, with less than 1% attributed to heart-related issues. Assessing children with chest pain involves a thor..

A new study aimed to characterize clinical and investigational findings and assess the impact of thiamine treatment on mortality in patients with acute non-infecti..

The goal of a recent study was to ascertain the prevalence of impaired growth parameters among adolescents aged 10-19 years in whom the onset of idiopathic nephrot..

Diagnosing cardiac masses poses a significant clinical challenge in the pediatric population, particularly when accompanied by systemic symptoms. An otherwise hea..

A recent quality improvement initiative aimed to establish neonatal pain management practices as a crucial developmental supportive measure at a Neonatal Intensive C..

The goal of the study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the inferior vena cava (IVC) distensibility index (∆IVC) and respiratory variation in peak a..

A new study investigated the association between screen time exposure in children aged one year and developmental delays across five domains (communication, gross ..

The first case: A preterm female with a delayed umbilical cord detachment underwent abdominal ultrasonography that displayed a 24 mm hypoechoic tract extending fro..

Children with septic shock often exhibit fluid deficit, reduced vascular tone, and myocardial dysfunction, necessitating fluid resuscitation and vasoactive agents...

A new study aimed to investigate the connection between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and severe infections in children – considering the potential impact on mic..

A new prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association between fetal growth restriction (FGR) and metabolic bone disease (MBD) in preterm neonates. Th..

A two-year-old boy experienced sudden-onset hair loss at one year of age. The patient had been previously diagnosed with Down syndrome (DS). His initial patchy sca..

A new article discussed various therapeutic iron preparations available in the market with differing pharmacokinetic and safety profiles. Despite a lack of conclus..

Updates for 2023–2024 Influenza Season and The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Recommendations:Composition of Influenza Vaccines has been updated:A new influenz..

A recent study examined the clinical presentation and management of acute pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in healthy infants below 6 months old. The study enta..

A 3-month-old male infant, born to healthy consanguineous parents, presented with a 20-day history of bilious and forceful vomiting, substantial weight loss, and l..

India is on the verge of a nutrition paradox, with high rates of both malnutrition and childhood obesity.  According to recent statistics, the prevalence of overweig..

A new study assessed the impact of a bundled parenting and nutrition intervention on non-targeted siblings (children) within households. This intervention was con..

A recent study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of a rapid antibody detection test using IgM immunochromatography for scrub typhus in children. In this..

A 9-month-old girl, born to non-consanguineous parents, experienced developmental delays and loss of previously achieved milestones from 7 months of age. At 6..

A recent study aimed to compare the quality of life (QoL) of adolescent siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD-Sibs) to those of siblings of typical..

This study examined the use of midline catheters in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and compared their performance to peripherally inserted central catheters ..

The goal of a prospective observational study was to assess pain and physiological stress in very preterm neonates undergoing minimally invasive surfactant therapy (..

Organophosphates are chemical compounds that can lead to the accumulation of acetylcholine, resulting in muscarinic symptoms like salivation and nicotinic symptoms, ..

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in young children can be challenging to diagnose accurately. Conventionally, urine culture has been the go-to method, but it primaril..

Serotonin receptors 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D in the cerebral arteries are activated by the 5-hydroxytryptophan agonists (triptans) to relieve the discomfort associated wi..

The optimal route of tube feeding in preterm babies has yet to be discovered. A recent study compared the frequency of bradycardia and desaturation episodes/hours ..

A 16-year-old male patient arrived at the emergency department with a ten-day history of persistent nausea, vomiting, and headaches. His symptoms included constant..

While lipid profiles are extensively studied in adults as cardiovascular markers, there is a lack of similar research focusing on pediatric populations, especially..

A recent study aimed to evaluate the effects of gastric lavage on exclusive breastfeeding and skin-to-skin contact in neonates delivered through meconium-stained a..

A new study assessed the impact of an early childhood development (ECD) intervention called Sit Down and Play (SDP) on parent and child outcomes during routine hea..

The parents of a six-month-old male infant complained that the child had developed a fever over the last three days after an episode of paleness, which persisted ..

A recent study aimed to compare the pain response in neonates undergoing a heel prick procedure using three different devices – an automatic lancet, a manual lancet,..

The goal of a new study was to investigate the effects of fortified human milk on the growth and development of extremely preterm infants born at 28 weeks of gestati..

The Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is a marker of subclinical inflammation calculated from the white blood cell count. It has been shown to be valuable in diag..

A 9-month-old was brought with distinct, red, blistering skin patches on both cheeks and chin, which had developed over two days. The child did not have a fever, oth..

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) – a severe hyperinflammatory condition that can occur after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SA..

Pain is a common symptom in patients admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) – due to injury or illness. A new crossover randomized controlled trial asses..

Asthma – a common chronic disease in children, is characterized by type 2 airway inflammation. The emergence of biomarkers associated with the underlying airway infl..

Allgrove syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder, with fewer than 100 reported cases. It is characterized by three primary features – achalasia, alacrimia, ..

In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), over 250 million children under the age of 5 do not reach their developmental potential and may have impaired speech, la..

Enterohepatic bilirubin circulation helps determine neonatal jaundice. The present study evaluated the role of oral zinc in reducing serum bilirubin in term neonates..

The present investigated whether extended exposure to both high-nephrotoxicity antimicrobials and lower-risk antimicrobials simultaneously during the neonatal intens..

A report describes a case of a 6-y-old girl who presented with high fever, headache, ataxia, and behavioral disorders. She had a history of being bitten by a stray d..

Eating disorders are severe and potentially life-threatening conditions that affect children and adolescents, impacting their physical health and their families. The..

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the most prevalent (9.5%) endocrine disorder affecting children. Although trace elements (TE) have been implicated in DM developme..

A new study evaluated treatment approaches for pediatric patients who face the complex condition of having both congenital heart diseases (CHD) and airway anomalies...

A 2-week-old male infant visited for a follow-up appointment regarding dry and cracked skin – that his parents had observed since his birth. The neonate had no medic..

Childhood undernutrition is a significant problem in developing countries, including India, and is a major contributor to child mortality worldwide. Although global ..

The recent study aimed to compare the effectiveness of a transillumination device versus traditional vein viewing in pediatric patients facing difficult peripheral v..

A new study aimed to compare the effectiveness of gabapentin as an additional treatment to trihexyphenidyl in children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy (CP). In t..

A 9-year-old boy was admitted to the pediatric ward due to an acute swelling in the left popliteal fossa. The swelling was first observed about 2 weeks back and had ..

Early childhood malnutrition severely affects the infant’s health, development, and productivity. Over the past two decades, research conducted worldwide and in In..

A recent study aimed to assess asthma control in children in the age-range 5-18 years. The study compared the Asthma Control Test (ACT)/Childhood Asthma Control Te..

A study assessed and compared the average Likert scores (representing caregiver assessments of change) and CAPUTE scores in children with Infantile Tremor Syndrome (..

A previously healthy 14-month-old girl child visited a local clinic in the winter of 2018 with a 2-day history of high-grade fever and cough on the second day of ill..

A recent study aimed to investigate the specific respiratory viruses prevalent in childcare settings as they pose a common risk for acute respiratory illness (ARI) i..

Allergic rhinitis is a persistent and challenging condition influenced by various factors. Evidence indicates a potential link between cesarean section (C-section) d..

National guidelines recommend intensive behavioral interventions for childhood overweight and obesity, typically provided in specialized clinics. However, there exis..

Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the colonic nerve plexuses, leading to colonic spasticity and obstruction. It can be..

Learning is a continuous journey that persists lifelong. Learning takes root in early childhood and is the basis for educational advancement. In contemporary times, ..

The goal of a new study was to ascertain the occurrence and nature of auditory function disorders in individuals with Down syndrome while also identifying factors in..

Recent evidence suggests that antibiotic use, particularly aminopenicillins – like amoxicillin, could heighten the likelihood of rash in children with infectious mon..

Tinea versicolor (TV) – a fungal infection, mainly affects adolescents and adults with skin hypo- or hyperpigmentation. This disease is unusual in infants. This case..

Childhood obesity is recognized as a significant contributor to various long-term health issues, although its impact on kidney function in later life remains largely..

Sepsis significantly contributes to the pediatric population's morbidity, mortality, and global healthcare burden. Fatality rates among pediatric sepsis patients var..

In the earlier studies, the usual span of side-alternating vibration therapy (sVT) was 9 minutes.A new feasibility study evaluated the safety, acceptability, and pot..

A 14-month-old toddler presented with weakness, fever, restlessness, and reduced appetite. His symptoms had appeared along with a skin rash, 2 weeks after a measles-..

Sedentary habits and increased screen time may have adverse metabolic effects. A new study was based on the hypothesis that childhood television viewing time is asso..

Following the COVID-19 outbreak, public awareness of infection prevention and control has heightened. The goal of a new study was to observe changes in childhood res..

Prone cross-table lateral X-rays (CTLxR) and colostograms play a role in planning surgeries for anorectal malformations (ARMs) without perineal fistulas. A new ..

Prune Belly syndrome, also called Eagle-Barret syndrome, is a rare disorder with a prevalence of 3.8 live births per 100,000 births. Its primary characteristic invol..

The year 2015 marked a significant milestone in the global fight against HIV/AIDS, as CD4-based clinical staging criteria for antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation..

The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-up (M-CHAT-R/F), is globally employed for screening autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present st..

The present study determined the frequency of urinary system anomaly in children aged 0–18 years suffering from first urinary tract infection (UTI) and identified th..

A report describes a case of a 10-day-old, term-born male neonate who presented with ascites, hyperkalemia, and acute kidney injury. USG demonstrated bilateral hydro..

In adolescence, the sleep duration reduces by approximately 10 minutes each year. This change occurs due to a delay in the circadian rhythm and alterations in the re..

The optimal duration of antibiotic treatment for children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) has not been clearly defined yet. A recent study compared the effec..

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) in children is a febrile condition that shows symptoms like other locally prevalent illnesses. The goal of the study was to..

Neonatal COVID-19 infection is often not associated with neurological symptoms, but emerging evidence suggests that neurological considerations in neonates with COVI..

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a severe manifestation of COVID-19 in children, and diagnostic guidelines were quickly established to identi..

Several studies examining the initial treatment options for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) have generated contradictory findings. The presen..

Simplifying logistics and reducing costs in vaccination programs worldwide is a crucial goal, and achieving this for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination would be ..

A report describes a case of a 16-year-old girl who presented with erythema on the dorsal aspect of her hands. She reported recent travel history to Peru for three w..

Transitioning from adolescence to adulthood can be challenging for anyone, but it becomes even more complex for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A re..

Streptococcus pneumoniae, commonly known as pneumococcus, is a bacterium that poses a significant threat to the health and well-being of children, leading to substan..

This study aimed to assess the accuracy of the Responses to Illness Severity Quantification (RISQ) score in determining illness severity and transitions in levels of..

A report describes a case of a healthy 3-year-old female child who presented with a 1-month history of fevers and rash. Examination revealed well-defined lesions wit..

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary disorder in childhood that poses significant public health concerns due to its prolonged and inflammation-related nature. Understanding..

Diarrhea remains a significant cause of illness and death in children under five years of age, particularly in developing countries. A recent study examined the seru..

Inadequate pain management remains a common issue in hospitalized children, with significant physical and psychological implications. Infusion procedures can be part..

The present report describes a case of a 17-year-old female patient who was admitted to the hospital for evaluation of chronic abdominal pain. The patient had a hist..

In an increasingly digital world, the influence of screens on the neurocognitive development of children has become a topic of great concern. While studies have ex..

Pain is a common complication associated with burns and can have significant negative impacts on children, leading to anxiety and sleep disturbances. Several studies..

Undernutrition among children under the age of five is a pervasive global health challenge that contributes to increased morbidity and mortality rates. In an effort ..

A report describes a case of a 10-year-old boy who initially presented to the emergency department with right abdominal pain, throbbing in nature, associated with na..

A 2020 study aimed to explore novel molecules associated with asthma by analyzing the circulating proteins in childhood asthma. Identifying asthma-associated novel m..

This project aimed to establish evidence-based guidelines for the administration of analgesics by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) clinicians for moderate-to-severe ..

The goal of a recent study was to examine the prevalence of overweight or obesity in children with medical complexity (CMC) compared to those without medical complex..

Transorbital penetrating head injury (PHI) is a rare occurrence but can have severe consequences. While it represents a small percentage of all head injuries, it acc..

Children with a weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) below -3 face a significant risk of death. Yet, this important indicator is not widely utilized in nutrition treatment p..

A recent study compared the effectiveness of ball squeezing and watching cartoons in managing pain during intramuscular (IM) injections in children. This randomized ..

A new study examined the impact of adenotonsillectomy on growth-for-age in pre-pubertal children and identify factors that influence this change.This was a retrospec..

Intrabiliary ascariasis is a relatively rare condition that can cause biliary colic and obstructive jaundice in children, primarily due to the small size of the ampu..

Neonatal jaundice is a common condition affecting many newborns. Early identification of high bilirubin levels is crucial to prevent severe complications, such as ac..

The present study determined the effect of the light toy on lowering pain and fear during blood collection in children.It obtained data from 116 children and observe..

Evidence supports the use of messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccines in children aged 5 to 11 years. Hence the present study evaluated the efficacy and safety of thes..

The report details the case of a 14-year-old boy who had been experiencing polyuria, polydipsia, excessive fatigue, and weight loss for the past six months and prese..

Biological agents can cross the placenta and result in detectable blood levels in the neonate. Neonatal vaccinations are crucial to prevent serious infections. Gisbe..

Acute diarrhea remains a prime contributor to under-5 mortality. Green Banana is a traditional home-based remedy for diarrhea.The present study identified the effect..

The present study investigated the perceptions and experiences of children receiving intravenous (IV) injections and the self-reported pain scores and management str..

A report describes a case of a 10-month-old boy with pathological neurological symptoms of muscle tremors of the upper limbs, head, tongue, and lips, as well as dela..

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have markedly decreased the disease burden caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, a foremost reason for childhood morbidity and m..

Functional abdominal pain is a type of abdominal pain that is common in children and is not caused by any other medical condition. Researchers believe that probiotic..

The present study investigated the effectiveness of the Parent-Child Sandplay Therapy (PCST) Program on autism behaviors, social interactions, and sleep quality amon..

A report describes a case of a 2-day-old male neonate born to consanguineous parents who presented with yellowish skin. The mother suffered moderate hypertriglycerid..

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental disorder, presents core social communication/interaction insufficiencies and restrictive, repetitive behavior pa..

Acute pain remains a common symptom in children of all ages and is associated with various conditions. Despite the existence of guidelines, pain often stays underest..

The emergence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D) stays risky. After a 2011 systematic review, numerous additional articles were pub..

A report describes a case of a 21-month-old boy who presented with alleged accidental consumption of 120 mg of inorganic mercury three days back. He experienced mild..

Cystatin C – a crucial marker of heart failure (HF), strongly correlates to right ventricle (RV) ejection fraction (EF). Therefore, it may also be useful in determin..

A study aimed to describe the clinical and laboratory profile, management, intensive care needs, and outcomes of children with toxic shock syndrome (TSS) – from the ..

It remains uncertain whether food allergy can be prevented using earlier allergenic food introduction.A new study investigated the correlation between allergenic foo..

A 14-year-old male was erroneously administered i.v. Adrenaline 6 mg (1:1000), which led to immediate severe abdominal pain, vomiting, gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding..

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS), a severe, acute life-threatening condition, mostly affects healthy children. Exotoxins are primarily produced by Staphylococcus aureus (T..

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) illustrates a severe illness in immunocompromised children; however, its optimal management still remains arguable. To better ..

There exists negligence while Transporting neonates, which results in high mortality of neonates during transport. The present study determined the effectiveness of ..

A report describes a case of a 13-year-old female child who presented with pain in the abdomen, melena, and anemia of 8-day duration with a history of a similar epis..

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) may generate anti-platelet and anti-endothelial autoantibody coagulation defects leading to bleeding and plasma leakage in dengue infection. Vac..

About two-thirds of children with tuberculosis have a nonsevere disease, which may be managed with a shorter regimen than the current 6-month regimen.The present stu..

The present study evaluated associations between changes in weight, length, and weight/length ratio during infancy and outcomes later in life among extremely preterm..

A report describes a case of a 12-month-old Japanese boy who presented with cyanotic breath-holding spells. He started crying excessively, followed by holding his br..

Greenhow TL. et al. recently assessed invasive bacterial infection incidence rates in preterm infants and compared the rates and pathogens between preterm and full-t..

The dose of supplemental vitamin D needed in infants born with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) serum concentrations less than 50 nmol/L (i.e., 20 ng/mL) remains unclea..

The present study assessed the relationship between eating speed, adiposity, factors predicting cardiometabolic, and diet quality in preschool children.The study enr..

A report describes a case of a 19-day-old male neonate who presented with complaints of fever and loose stools for one day. His parents denied any history of cough, ..

Edwards et al., in their recent study, examined a 42-hospital Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) administrative database to revise prior studies on the incid..

Intranasal corticosteroids (INCs) are the first-line treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in adults and children, despite scarce evidence regarding their effic..

During the unstructured time of childhood, viewing screens is primarily a means of entertainment. The present study reviewed the burden of the problem, delineated th..

A report describes a case of a 10-month-old girl who was referred to Pediatric Gynecology after her parents noticed an expanding genital bulge. Parents reported firs..

A recent systematic review study and meta-analysis by D.C.G. da Silva et al. estimated the prevalence of malnutrition and nutritional deficiencies in children with c..

Sleep patterns and weight in infants are crucial concerning infant growth and development. Baby massage is a slow and gentle stroke movement over the baby's body, st..

Experimental studies and small clinical trials suggest the role of intranasal oxytocin in reducing social impairment in persons with an autism spectrum disorder. Oxy..

A report describes a case of a 6-year-old previously healthy girl who presented with odynophagia and dental pain of the right upper molars. One day later, she got ho..

Complementary feeding is advised in infants at six months of age, along with breastmilk. Mothers' knowledge and behavior in administering sufficient complementary fe..

The effectiveness of probiotic strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus in managing acute childhood gastroenteritis remains unclear. The present study searched the Cochr..

Topical oils are commonly applied in neonates' skin. The present study identified investigations that determined the effects of topical oils on neonatal skin. I..

A report describes a case of a seven-month-old male patient who presented with complaints of diaper rash of three months of duration with no response to treatment. H..

Diet plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and management of Crohn’s Disease (CD). However, we know little about CD children’s dietary habits. Labriola F. et al.,..

The present study compared the efficacy of Ondansetron versus Domperidone for treating vomiting in acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children.The study included 300 chi..

The Japanese vaccination rate for infants and children is evidently excellent, except for the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. Regardless of its efficacy, the ino..

A report describes a case of a six-month-old infant who presented with a one-week history of multiple reddish, scaly skin lesions in the trunk area. The diaper area ..

A landmark longitudinal study conducted in Costa Rica in the 1980s showed that children with chronic iron deficiency, compared with good iron status in infancy, have..

The efficacy of multispecies probiotic formulations in preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) remains unclear. The present study assessed the effect of a mu..

Children with atopic dermatitis (AD) pose a higher risk of peanut allergy. However, these children may have more raised sensitization measures, including serum IgE (..

A report describes a case of a 6-year-old boy with no significant past medical or surgical history who presented with left lower abdominal pain for two days. He refu..

Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic skin condition, causes dry, itchy, and red skin; and affects more than 1 in 10 children. It results from dysfunction of the skin ba..

Tinea capitis is a common dermatophyte infection involving the scalp and hair shaft and is often observed in children. Trichoscopy is a non-invasive tool that helps ..

Literature reports Temporal associations between Kawasaki disease (KD) and childhood vaccines. However, there are limited data on KD following 13-valent pneumococcal..

A report describes a case of a 12-year-old girl who presented with a four-day history of vomiting and worsening pain in the right flank and periumbilical region. Phy..

Oral health makes an integral part of the overall health of children. Dental caries is a common chronic disease process with significant short- and long-term consequ..

Infantile seborrheic dermatitis (ISD), a benign, inflammatory skin condition, features an erythematous rash with greasy scaling and is reported in approximately 70% ..

The present study assessed the 6-month incidence of laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, postnatal care, hosp..

A report describes a case of a patient who started to develop wheals every couple of weeks at the age of 5. After two years of evolution, a first diagnostic workup w..

Infancy is a golden era; thus, it also demands special attention for the child's growth and development. From infancy to childhood, growth and development are contin..

Micronutrient deficiencies remain still prevalent among children under five in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), even though several effective strategies now..

Several investigations have found prophylactic emollients as a preventive strategy against atopic dermatitis (AD) and food allergy (FA). The present study synthesize..

A report describes a case of a five-year-old girl who presented with complaints of fever, rashes, and cold for the past week. She experienced continuous fever every ..

Kline JN et al., in their study, compared the clinical and laboratory features of children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) to those evalua..

Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) presents a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder that mostly concerns young adults in areas rich in sebaceous glands (scalp, face, and..

There remain only a few studies that evaluate bathing frequency in pediatric atopic dermatitis (AD). Parents of children with AD often receive conflicting informatio..

A report describes a case of a 6-month-old, term, previously healthy, and fully immunized girl who initially presented to pediatric urgent care with one day of fever..

Evidence has linked maternal pre-pregnancy obesity with low folate concentrations and child overweight or obesity (OWO). However, the role of maternal folate concent..

The practice of infant massage is common throughout the world. Yet, the effectiveness of this intervention is unclear for the term healthy newborns.A recent systemat..

The present study developed and evaluated a new patient-reported outcome measure to assess perceived barriers to antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. It developed..

A report describes a case of a three-year-old male patient with an unremarkable past medical history who presented with a five-day history of microvesicular lesions ..

Glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) deficiency, an autosomal recessive condition, shows mutations in the GPI gene on chromosome 19q13.1. These Patients have congenital..

Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), a noninvasive marker of airway inflammation, is employed in children using the "offline" technique. No studies in the literature compare ..

Pneumonia makes the top infectious cause of death in children, with especially high mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Interleukin-18 binding protein (IL..

The present report describes a case of a 7.5-year-old boy with tumefactive multiple sclerosis (TMS) and a Baló-like lesion who initially presented with subacute righ..

Streptococcus mutans make a major etiological agent for dental caries. S. mutans strains expressing collagen-binding proteins (CBPs) are related to the pathogenesis ..

The Continuous bright light conditions that premature infants experience while hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) can have harmful effects on their..

Hyperdiploidy represents the largest genetic entity of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. A recent study discussed in detail the diagnostic h..

A recent report describes a case of a three-year-old girl who presented with cutaneous lesions in the absence of fever, pruritus, or other symptoms. Physical examina..