Association between Kawasaki Disease and 13-valentPneumococcal Conjugate & Rotavirus Vaccines

Literature reports Temporal associations between Kawasaki disease (KD) andchildhood vaccines. However, there are limited data on KD following 13-valentpneumococcal conjugate (PCV13) and rotavirus vaccines.

The present study conducted a self-controlled risk interval study using Vaccine Safety Datalink electronic health record data and investigated the risk of KDfollowing PCV13 and rotavirus vaccines in children &2 years of age. It included allhospitalized KD cases identified by International Classification of Diseases diagnosiscodes that fell within predefined risk (days 1–28 postvaccination) and control (days29–56 for doses 1 and 2, and days 43–70 for doses 3 and 4) intervals.

The study identified 655 cases of KD by the International Classification of Diseasescodes. Among these, 97 chart-confirmed cases were within risk or control intervals.

Analyses showed the age-adjusted relative risk for KD following any dose of PCV13as 0.75 and the age-adjusted relative risk for KD following any dose of the rotavirusvaccine as 0.66. Overall, the study observed no evidence of an elevated risk of KDfollowing PCV13 or rotavirus vaccines by dose. Additionally, it identified nostatistically significant temporal clustering of KD cases during days 1 to 70postvaccination.

This study shows a non-association of PCV13 and rotavirus vaccination with an increased risk of KD in children &2 years of age. These findings provide additionalevidence for the overall safety of PCV13 and rotavirus vaccines.

Source: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2022-058789