Coronavirus In India: Symptoms,Cases And Latest Updates

Question

Coronavirus In India:  Symptoms,Cases And Latest Updates

Accepted Answer

COVID-19 is Coronavirus disease- 2019 or Novel corona virus-2019 which is a highly infectious disease caused due to new type of coronavirus called Serious acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS COV-2). In Latin Corona stands for 'crown' and is hence named so because of the crown-like structure of the virus1.The first case of covid-19 was reported in Wuhan of china in December 2019 as a group of pneumonia-like cases were seen all over the city. Some studies reported that the virus spread from the live animal market in Wuhan1.Coronavirus belongs to a family called coronaviridae and causes disease in mammals and birds and that's why it is evident to be spread from bats in china2.There are currently 127 million cases with 72.2 million recovered cases and 2.79 million cases that died around the globe3.Currently, there are 12 million coronavirus cases reported with 11.4 million recovered cases and 162000 died of the disease in India4.Sign and Symptoms Of COVID 19 The most common signs and symptom are as follows:•	Fever•	Dry cough and running nose•	Fatigue OR myalgia•	Respiratory symptomsLess common symptoms are as follows:•	Headache•	Skin rashes or discoloration of fingers or toes•	Sore throat•	Pains•	Diarrhea•	Conjunctivitis.•	Loss of taste •	Loss of smellSevere Symptoms are: •	Shortness of breath.•	Chest pain and pneumonia•	Speech or movement loss•	Organ failurePatients with most common to less common symptoms recover in 7-14 days at home while patients with severe symptoms might need hospitalization.Transmission of COVID 19 COVID- 19 is a droplet infection and spreads from an infected person to a healthy individual via droplets. As infected person sneezes, coughs or that is when a patient comes near the healthy individual the person gets infected.The virus also spreads from infected individuals to healthy individuals when the infected patient sneezes or coughs and the droplet lands on any object and if the healthy individual touches the object and then eyes, nose, or mouth. INCUBATION PERIODThe Incubation period of coronavirus 5-6 days after the infection ranges from 7-14 days and the patient can be either symptomatic or asymptomatic.SURVIVAL OF CORONAVIRUS1The coronavirus is known to survive for •	1-2 days on stainless steel•	1 day on cardboard•	2-3 days on plastic•	8 hours on copper  New Variant of COVID 19 When the virus circulates in a very large population over time it keeps on replicating and hence there are changes in the RNA of the virus this is called mutation and the variant virus is called mutant of the original virus. It is seen that most of the mutations do not have a large impact on the virus's ability to cause infection in humans but the properties of the virus and severity or transmission of the infection caused by the virus depends on the changes that occur in the RNA of the virus1.The new Double mutant has been observed in India with other UK, Brazilian, and South African mutants in 18 states of the country. The Two types of mutations are observed and are known to be highly infectious and do not respond to the vaccines developed for the natural COVID-19 virus. Sample analysis was done in Maharashtra and it showed that there is an increase in the fraction of samples with E484Q and L452R mutations and have a greater ability to cause infection.Prevention Of cOVID 19 1.	Avoid contact with the animals and objects in the animal market1.2.	Maintain the distance of at least 1 meter and hence avoid close contact1.3.	Cook the food thoroughly especially meat1.4.	Cover the nose and mouth while sneezing with flexed elbow or tissue and throw the tissue in a closed dustbin after use1.5.	Washing of hand properly with soap and water or alcohol-based hand sanitizer1.6.	Self-quarantine at least for 14 days when suffering from symptoms like running nose, cough and fever etc1.7.	Use of Personal Protective equipment by health care professionals and admitted patients in hospital settings5.8.	The Patients with severe symptoms should be isolated with a proper PPE kit in a hospital or institution5.9.	The educational institutions and workplaces should be closed to prevent gatherings5.10.	Limiting the visitors in hospitals and other public places5.11.	Mass gatherings should be forbidden to prevent infection5.12.	Borders of the country and states should be sealed for entry and exit5.13.	The number of samples and laboratory tests should be increased for the rapid diagnosis and treatment of the patients5.14.	Proper disposal of the PPE kits, masks and gloves, and dead bodies to stop the spread of infection1.Treatment of COVID 19MILD CASES6•	The patients are administered Paracetamol for treatment of fever cough syrups containing guaifenesin and dextromethorphan for treating cough.•	Take plenty of water •	Ivermectin tablet is administered as a prophylaxis treatment for COVID-19.•	Tablet Hydroxycholroquine is given to the patients who have a greater risk of development of severe disease like patients with Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, Liver or kidney diseases, etc, and should be kept under observation.•	Vitamin C tablets are prescribed to increase the immunity of the patients •	Intake of citrus fruits and a balanced diet is necessary.•	Take adequate rest.MODERATE CASES6•	Symptomatic treatment of fever and cough with Paracetamol and cough syrups.•	Plenty of water intake is recommended.•	Ivermectin is recommended for prophylaxis.•	Patients with shortness of breath should be given proper oxygen therapy to maintain Spo2 between 92-95%.•	Medications to prevent co-morbid conditions like diabetes, Inflammation, Liver or kidney diseases, etc.•	Monitor if there is an increase in efforts for breathing, Hemodynamic instability, increase in oxygen requirement, and shift the patient to the hospital in any such cases.SEVERE CASES6•	Fever and cough are treated with Paracetamol and cough syrups.•	Plenty of water intake is recommended.•	Ivermectin is recommended for prophylaxis.•	Patients with shortness of breath should be given proper oxygen therapy to maintain Spo2 between 92-95%.•	Medications to prevent co-morbid conditions like diabetes, Inflammation, Liver or kidney diseases, etc.•	In case of respiratory failure, the patient is kept on a ventilator.Vaccine of COVID 19The two vaccines that are under use in India are:1.	Bharat Biotech Covaxin It comprises of the dead or weakened coronavirus that is injected into the body and the body responds to the virus by generating antibodies against the virus so that the immune system gets activated against the virus for a future encounter. The virus was extracted by Bharat biotech from the viral sample from India's National Institute of Virology.2.	Oxford-AstraZeneca  Covishield
This vaccine is made up of killed or a weakened common cold virus called adenovirus and is isolated from the chimpanzees. This vaccine is modified to coronavirus structure to develop immunity in the human body by forming antibodies but it cannot cause disease in humans.3.	Other Vaccines•	Zydus Cadila has developed ZyCov-Di IN Ahemdabad.•	Another vaccine is developed by Hyderabad based first private vaccine- making company Biological E  with the US-based Dynavax and Baylor college of medicine•	India's first mRNA vaccine is developed by Pune-based Genova with Seattle-based HDT biotech corporation called HGCO19  using genetic codes to generate immunity.•	Bharat biotech developed a Nasal vaccine.•	Dr. Reddy's Lab and Gamaleya National Centre in Russia developed the Sputnik V vaccine.•	A vaccine is developed by the Serum Institute of India and an American vaccine Development Company called Novavax.Diagnosis a.	Respiratory Tract sample Collection methods:1.	Lower respiratory tract•	Sputum,  Tracheal aspirate, and Bronchioalveolar lavage are the three methods to collect lower respiratory tract samples•	Collect 2-3 ml of sputum sample in a sterile, leakproof, and dry container.2.	Upper respiratory tract •	Nasopharyngeal swab •	Oropharyngeal swabb.	Reverse Transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)The sputum sample of the patients is collected and the virus RNA or nucleic acid  is tested via RT-PCR technique that produces a large number of the viruses to compare them are identify the presence of virus in the sputum sample So the Test results are interpreted as follows:•	The patient is Tested Positive if both genes are found in the sample.•	The patient is inconclusive if only one gene is found in the sample.•	The patient is tested negative if neither gene is found in the sample.c.	Rapid Antigen TestingThis test generally is done for rapid results and detects the protein fragments that are specifically present in the coronavirus. The results are produced within 15 minutes but it not always correct hence RT-PCR is considered mostly9.

Live Webinars

Medical CMEs

MedBytes

Medical Conferences

Medtalks Medpedia

Coronavirus In India: Symptoms,Cases And Latest Updates

Coronavirus In India: Symptoms,Cases And Latest Updates

Coronavirus In India: Symptoms,Cases And Latest Updates