Patients with acute decompensated cirrhosis have high morbidity/ mortality.Liver transplantation can save the lives of patients with acute-onchronic liver failure (ACLF).New therapies are under development for managing ACLF, like CARBALIVE, PREC..Read More

Complex hepatitis B virus (HBV) life cycle and current treatment are dependent on nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs).A partial or functional cure is not enough, hence is crucial to target covalently covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) for a co..Read More

For the management of recurrent or persistent hepatic encephalopathy (HE), use a medical treatment like nonabsorbable disaccharides + rifaximin and avoid precipitating factors.In patients refractory to treatment, consider spontaneous portosystem..Read More

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a dynamic syndrome associated with very high short-term mortality. Until 2013, there was no evidence-based definition of ACLF. However, a definition was later proposed based on the results of a large pros..Read More

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA and HBcrAg (Hepatitis B core-related antigen) are both biomarkers that are used to assess disease activity in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection. These biomarkers can help in determining the criteria to cess NA thera..Read More

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is a chronic, asymptomatic, progressive condition affecting about 38% of the global population. It is characterized by substantial interpatient variability in disease severity and..Read More

Lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can progress to clinically significant liver disease without becoming obese.Lean NAFLD patients have an improper lifestyle with more sedentary hours and higher dietary intake of free sugars and fr..Read More

Refractory ascites is a challenging condition where the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity (ascites) does not respond to standard medical therapies. It is often associated with advanced liver cirrhosis and is a significant complicatio..Read More

INASL modification provides improvement over the previous BarcelonaClinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging in terms of:ALBI (Albumin-Bilirubin) score: It is the further clinical assessment of liver reserve which had documented to influence outcome (p..Read More

Globally, the use of digital health interventions (DHIs) is expanding, along with growing scientific evidence of their effectiveness to help in caring for people with or at risk of liver diseases, such as metabolic dysfunction associated liver d..Read More

EASL Guidelines advise hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in PW1bs or men who have sex with men with ongoing risk behavior (A1). Current direct-acting antivirals (DAAs)-based regimens are highly effective and safe. Early treatment halt the progression ..Read More

For screening high risk-populations Fib-1 is the First-line of Defense. Sequential or combination testing can be done to address the Grey Zone.For identification of at-risk NASH, use the FibroScan-AST (FAST), MRI-aspartate aminotransferase (MAST..Read More

Gut dysbiosis is the emerging concept that has been linked with complications of cirrhosis, such as SBP and HE. These events portend a poor prognosis for the patients. Several studies have shown that rifaximin can reduce the oralisation of the g..Read More

There is a lack of specific drug for a comprehensive medical treatment for ACLF. Moreover, the novel treatment options are in premature stage. There is no cure for ACLF on the background of high shortterm mortality, making LT desirable in this g..Read More

Patients with cirrhosis have a high prevalence of renal dysfunction. The susceptibility to renal dysfunction is due to both the severe splanchnic arterial vasodilation and the systemic inflammation observed in these patients. An accurate assessm..Read More

Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is increasingly used for nonrenal indications in ICU.Early use of CRRT in acute liver failure (ALF) for hyperammonemia and HE III/IV is popular. However, only retrospective studies are available in ALF..Read More

All-cause mortality is linked to cirrhosis. Many studies are now focusing on liver drugs with pleiotropic and/or antifibrotic effects.Efruxifermin (FGF21 agonist) has shown significant results in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) resolution an..Read More

Although a rather benign course of chronic HBV infection during childhood has been described, 3%-5% and 0.01%-0.03% of chronic carriers develop cirrhosis or HCC before adulthood. Considering the whole lifetime, the risk HCC rises to 9%-24% and t..Read More