Impact of dietary interventions in PCOS women with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2

Dietary interventions are key to managing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)––helping women achieve weight loss, improve metabolic function, and enhance pregnancy outcomes. However, their impact on individuals with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m² remains uncertain. The aim of a recent review was to offer dietary guidance for such patients.

This study involved a systematic search of six databases, identifying nine RCTs with 559 participants. The results showed that, compared to the control groups, dietary interventions improved weight, glycolipid metabolism, hormone levels, and fertility outcomes in women with PCOS and obesity. Subgroup analysis revealed that calorie-restricted diets (CRDs) and low-energy, low-carb diets were particularly effective, with the overweight period being an ideal intervention time.

The results support the efficacy of dietary interventions in managing PCOS in patients with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m². Specifically, CRDs, low-calorie, low-carb diets, and low-calorie combined with extract diets are recommended – with CRDs being the primary choice due to their broader applicability and nutritional balance. These interventions effectively manage weight and improve clinical symptoms and pregnancy rates. 

Other diets, such as very low-calorie or Mediterranean diets, require further research to confirm their effectiveness in women with PCOS. More high-quality RCTs are necessary to refine dietary recommendations for this population, with attention to diet structure, adherence, and safety.

Source: Yang J, Liang J, Xu J, et al. Reprod Med Biol. 2024;23(1):e12607. Published 2024 Sep 30. doi:10.1002/rmb2.12607