The Female Gonads

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  Streamed on 17 Nov, 2025, 07:00 PM

ABOUT THIS SESSION

The female gonads, or ovaries, play a central role in a woman’s reproductive and hormonal health, influencing fertility, puberty, and menopausal transition. Beyond producing eggs, they regulate key hormones that impact metabolism, bone strength, cardiovascular function, and overall well-being. Subtle dysfunctions in ovarian physiology often go unnoticed yet contribute to significant clinical concerns across all age groups. In today’s webinar, Dr. Sanjay Kalra will explore these intricate pathways and their relevance to comprehensive women’s health. 

Q&A

Female gonads are the ovaries. They produce ova (eggs) and secrete hormones essential for
menstruation, fertility, pregnancy, and overall female health.

Every woman has two ovaries, one on each side of the uterus. Each ovary measures approximately
4 x 2 x 1 cm, with size varying during the menstrual cycle.

Ovaries become active around puberty. Kisspeptin activates the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian
axis, initiating hormonal secretion and sexual development.

The ovaries produce estrogen, progesterone, androgens (including testosterone), and inhibin.

Ovarian reserve refers to the number and quality of eggs a woman has. At birth, there are about 10
lakh oocytes, but only 400-500 ovulate in a lifetime.

It is assessed using AMH (Anti-Mullerian Hormone) levels and antral follicle count on ultrasound.

The cycle lasts about 28 days and includes the follicular phase (estrogen dominant), ovulation
around day 14, and the luteal phase (progesterone dominant).

Inhibin regulates FSH secretion from the pituitary gland, ensuring controlled and healthy egg
development.

Common disorders include premature ovarian insufficiency, early menopause, PCOS, and
endometriosis.

Healthy lifestyle, stress management, good sleep, menstrual hygiene, and timely consultation with
gynecologists and endocrinologists help maintain ovarian health.
FACULTY
Dr. Sanjay Kalra
Dr. Sanjay Kalra
Consultant & Head,Treasurer, International Society of Endocrinology (ISE), Vice President, South Asian Obesity Forum (SOF) Bharti Hospital, Karnal, Haryana, India
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