Ghee Revisited: Traditional Wisdom Meets Modern Science

Ghee, a cornerstone of Indian culinary and medicinal traditions, is gaining renewed scientific attention for its wide-ranging health benefits. Traditionally revered in Ayurveda as ghrita, ghee is classified as a Rasayana—a rejuvenating agent that supports longevity, immunity, and vitality. Recent scientific literature is now uncovering mechanisms that echo these ancient claims.1

Ayurvedic texts describe specific types of ghee based on animal source, age, and preparation method. Cow ghee is praised for its restorative effects, while ghee from goat or camel milk is indicated for respiratory and digestive health. Herbal ghee formulations, enriched with lipid-soluble plant extracts, enhance cognitive function, support immunity, and treat skin and gastrointestinal disorders.

Modern studies support ghee's role as a functional fat. Its components—short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs), and omega-3 fatty acids—are known for their anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Research also shows ghee can aid digestion, enhance nutrient absorption, and improve gut microbiota composition. Ghee's role in cognitive health is explored through its influence on brain-derived neurotrophic factors and acetylcholine modulation.

Although historically criticized for its high saturated fat content, current evidence shows that moderate ghee consumption does not necessarily increase cardiovascular risk. Studies in animals and humans have demonstrated that ghee can improve lipid profiles by lowering triglycerides and raising HDL cholesterol levels. Fresh ghee does not generate harmful cholesterol oxidation products when clarified at proper temperatures. On the contrary, certain ghee-based formulations have shown lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects in experimental models of metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia.

Beyond internal consumption, ghee has shown promise in topical applications. Studies have reported its efficacy in wound healing, skin repair, and drug delivery, especially when combined with botanicals in Ayurvedic formulations. Ghee-honey hydrogels, for instance, promote scarless healing, while ghee-based preparations like Jatyadi Ghrita are used for burns, eczema, and radiation-induced skin damage. Ghee's role in ocular health, bone strength, and its potential anti-cancer properties are also under scientific investigation.

In summary, the convergence of traditional Ayurvedic knowledge and modern research is helping to redefine the role of ghee in health and disease management. While more robust clinical studies are needed to validate these findings and determine optimal dosages, the evolving evidence base supports the incorporation of ghee as a functional food and therapeutic agent when used mindfully and in moderation.

Source:  Kumar V, Akanksha, Singh S, et al. The health benefits of ghee: A comparative analysis of Ayurvedic and modern scientific perspectives. Asian J Dairy Food Res. 2025;44(3).